Category Archives: Bohemian

Person of Gender

Some years ago, my first real job out of my post-doc was a one year teaching stint at a Catholic womens college.  The post-doc was rather less than a great experience. But that is a post for another time. I did get a couple of JACS papers, a Mendeleev Communications paper, a divorce, and one Org Synth publication out of it. And, I got to work with some smart folks I still consider to be among my closest friends.

The post-doc years were a time of deep personal turmoil. The divorce was traumatic. It affects one in ways that are hard to appreciate in advance. Mostly, it presents an indelible stamp of failure to the bearer.  If it weren’t for friends that I made while in Texas, frankly I don’t know where I’d be today.  The adage “What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger” does have some truth in it.

The Catholic school I taught in was associated with a major football presence in the midwest. The womens college was run by the same group of nuns who were connected with the coed university across the street so venerated by football enthsiasts. It had its own exit from the toll road, two lakes, two golf courses, and a mosaic of the Saviour declaring a touchdown. 

I bought furniture from Father Clarence and slept on a priest bed (without the priest, blessedly) for my academic year under the employ of nuns. Such furniture was typically donated back for eventual resale. Father Clarence offered to sell me the two 35 mm projectors used to entertain the revered Four Horsemen. Like an idiot, I declined his offer and regret it to this day.

The nuns who ran this single gender institution were an aging population. Initiates were hard to find- apparently most came from South America. The Blessed Sisters eventually handed off the university so they could concentrate on their hospitals.

Even though I received paychecks from the Sisters, I rarely saw them. We did have a nun from a different order in our department.  She was a pistol. And a biochemist. Her interest was infecting caterpillars with deadly caterpillar viruses. Strange game, this. Our Dean was a hoot- she looked and sounded just like Ethel Merman.

I taught a class of 95 students, all women. I recall looking out into a crowd of 19-22 year old women, most with poney tails protruding out from the back of baseball caps and peering at me under bills that were severely curled.   It was a general chemistry for non-majors section populated by students who couldn’t get into biology or the popular “physics for poets” class. These hapless students ended up with me as a prof.  What rotten luck.

One morning driving into work I was in a serious auto accident where I nearly rolled over my pickup. The patrolman graciously dropped me off at the college where I ran to the classroom 10 minutes late. Not a single one of the vicious little trolls waited for me to arrive. (After all, it says somewhere in the new testament that a student only has to wait 5 minutes for the prof.)

I took over a class previously taught by a fellow who had just died. His office was closed and untouched by a disinterested family. It was an odd experience- he was fresh in everyones mind except for mine. 

The main recollection I have from the experience is that perhaps 1/3 of the students I knew were genuinely dismayed that men taught at the University. They would point out that it made no sense for a women’s institution to have male faculty. As a “person of gender”, it was hard for me to disagree. But I would also point out that of the remaining 2/3 that I spoke with, half were uncertain about the wisdom of attending an all womens institution. So, for me it is hard to draw conclusions about the merit of single gender institutions. From a marketing view, there is/was demand for this kind of school. But whether demand is from parents or students is less clear to me.

Fools and Randomness

There is an interesting book out by Nassim Nicholas Taleb called Fooled by Randomness, 2005, Random House (!!?), 2005, ISBN 0-8129-7521-9.  To get right to the point, Taleb has combined cognitive science and statistics with finance. 

There is nothing new about cognitive scientists using statistics.  But there is  something distinctly recent, at least, about finance people thinking about how cognitive science and statistics might be applied to how we approach investment thinking. I don’t mean the cookbook use of cognitive science in investments, rather, I mean how we think about investment risk.  The theme of Taleb’s book is concerned with how we think about randomness.

The reader can form her/his own opinion about Taleb’s ideas.  Speaking for myself, I am intrigued with his thesis that many “experts” in economics and investments are largely deluded when it comes to perceiving risk. Taleb suggests that validation of forecasting methods and the use of error estimation is generally lacking in investment trading. The cognitive connection applies to how investment traders think. Taleb suggests that there is a general lack of probabilisitic thinking.

Coming to grips with infrequent and unexpected outcomes (black swans) is one of the most befuddling and confusing challenges we all face. Our primate brains form elementary strategies for dealing with certain risks.  We catch a glimse of a big carnivore in the brush and we run. 

But what to do if we have a bundle of money in the market and some social or economic perturbation comes along?  What will the market do if the Molybdenum prices skyrocket or if China invades Taiwan? Individuals and industries are concerned with the value of their investments over the course of positive and negative events. Stock traders need to act on clues so as to protect the value of their accounts.

Taleb laments the lack of probabilistic thinking in the investment community. He suggests that individuals and firms who are deemed as highly successful in investments are in reality just very lucky more frequently than we realize.

Even for hacks such as myself who gasped and sputtered through a few semesters of exposure to probabilistic concepts, i.e., quantum mechanics, radiation science, etc., sweeping the mind free of deterministic biases requires constant attention.  How is some MBA derivatives specialist going to temper her/his enthusiasm to buy or sell when phantom patterns appear in the market?  Good question.

News Poisoning- Hystrionicatoxin

I have noticed that my general level of anxiety seems to follow the extent to which I am tuned into the news. The more news I listen to, the greater the stress. Even my beloved NPR is showing chronic toxic effects.

The pace and magnitude of the news cycle seems to be tied to the level of outrageous events.  All of the detail and repetition add up to a heightened angst that eventually wears one down.

Someone once defined news as “semi-analytical show business”.  It’s a 24/7 circus in High Definition.  The whole political system has redesigned itself to synchronize its actions to interfere constructively or destructively (whichever confers benefit) with the news cycle.

I need to get off this merry-go-round.

Management Recruiter Buggery

High on the list of exciting professional experiences is the job interview process.  I just spent the weekend updating my resume. It is good to do this now and then if for no other reason than it forces you to recall just what the hell you’re good for.  As I performed this task, I was flooded with a stream of memories, both good and bad. 

I’ve had great interviews, ho-hum interviews, and a few awful experiences. My greatest interviews were from my stint in academia. Of the 7 interviews, I received 5 offers.  Not bad for a rythmically disabled Iowegian. But a few years later my smug confidence was to be shaken by an whole body dose of reality.

Academia is not reality, it is a sort of intellectual Hollywood. A la la land of frog princes and preening fussbudgets, special effects and make-believe. It is a pageant of grant-writing rock stars and untenured showboats on parade waving their tail feathers at all who would watch. I who had earlier embraced that world would later be out in the catabatic winds of big time management recruiting.

I won’t write a tedious valentine about my slender portfolio of actual talent.  Instead, I’ll tell of an experience with those bottom feeders of the job world- recruiters. 

In the frantic world of job placement, there are several kinds of recruiters. There are the recruiters that place at the highest levels of play, and there is everyone else. In my view they are all shady operators.  They will drop a line with bait on the end right in front of your face. Poachers they are. They’ll feign an excuse to call you at your office and query for associates –wink wink, nod nod- who may be looking for other work.

You’ll send a resume and there will be some back and forth. The recruiter will get to know you a bit.  Then one day you’ll receive an email invitation to interview at their office suite in Watercloset, PA.  You’ll fly to Philly, the city of brotherly shove, and navigate your rental car to their office.  The waiting room will have that dental office smell that’ll make your flesh crawl and your molars throb.

A smarmy receptionist will hand you off to a smarmy executive recruiting specialist. For me, this is where it all went down the toilet.  I sat in an expensive office near the Delaware River while the recruiter reviewed my resume, my buttocks reflexively clenched in the way countless other buttocks have been so clenched in that leather chair while enduring the first 2 hours of detailed questioning- “drilling in” they call it.  All the while, she was quietly building a case for yea or nay.

Here is where I went wrong. It was utterly and comically naive.  I thought that the recruiters job was to get me an interview for a management slot with an international chemical company. Fancy that! As I was to learn, my assumption was wildly and insanely in error. The recruiters, you see, only get paid when they deliver a candidate who gets hired.  So, they prescreen over the telephone and only bring in final candidates for the slot.  I was a final candidate for Sales and Marketing Director, but that is still far from the finish line.

As I sat through the meeting, it dawned on me that I was not being coached to give an award winning interview with the unseen client, but rather, I was being slowly skinned alive. 

Based on earlier conversations with this recruiter, I thought that they would deliver me to an interview with the company looking to fill the position. Instead, I was brought into the recruiters office for a much closer inspection on behalf of the customer. I was to have my professional colon inspected, so to speak, by these savage HR mercenaries.

After the early morning session with the contact recruiter, a real heavyweight was brought in- a partner of the firm. He was apparently an alumnus of HR at Merck and was accustomed to body slams in Big Pharma. He was a sort of “Refrigerator Perry” in the recruiting world.  There were no pleasantries, only an immediate start to some pretty rough play.  There was a long succession of close and bluntly skeptical questions about my experience and abilities. The two recruiters did a bit of good cop, bad cop along the way.  They were a team and played a disciplined game of question and answer, drilling ever deeper to what they were looking for.  The refrigerator lectured me at length like I was some kind of rube from up the holler, giving me the facts of life in Big Business. 

I guess I really was a rube from up the holler.

It didn’t take very long for me to see that not only would I not advance forward in this game, but I would have my head lopped off and handed to me on a greasy wooden plate.  And that is what happened.  After 90 minutes of questions and thinly veiled accusations of weakness, inexperience, and retarded professional development, the Refrigerator stood up and left the room. As the other recruiter fumbled with her notes, I sat there in silence like a stunned carp floating on the lake surface after dynamite fishing. After a moment she suddenly became matronly and bleated out consolation.  I was stunned and shocked from the rapid fire rude questions and the careless dissection of my very being. I had never been treated in this manner before, not even in grad school.

After my “case” recruiter made a brief show of effort to salve the wounds, I put my severed head under my arm and was shown the door. It was a long, depressing trip back home. I have had plenty of time to mull it over and can only conclude that I was treated badly.  As for the chemical company, I have had the chance to shun them as a supplier in subsequent years.  My indulgence in pettiness is one more scar from the experience.

Possible Signs of a Slowdown

Hmmm. Some early indications of a slowdown are out there in certain commodity markets.  Purchasing people getting conservative and skittish with forecasts. When buyers revise their projections downward or say that they’ll ride on their inventory for a while longer, you can bet that rougher sledding is ahead. Just a question of magnitude.

The signs come a day after Bernanke suggested that a slowdown was possible. Cause? Effect? Hard to say.

The picture will begin to resolve over the next few months. The first quarter of the year often sets the pace for the year in markets that I’m familiar with. The chemical manufacturing market is so global and the dollar is so low that it is hard to determine if some of the latest conservative buying behavior is an actual indicator or not of business slowdown.  Hmmm. 

Toward the Green Manufacturing Ideal

In the waters that I swim within, the term “Green Chemistry” is often derided as an environmental extremist codeword used by chemical technology Luddites. I’m sure there are anti-chemical purists who view Green Chemistry as a kind of natural alternative to the use of man-made, unnatural substances. Biodiesel is is commonly held as one example of a green alternative.

The merits of Green vs non-Green, or the inherent Greenness of Green technology is a contraversy too large for this blog. Instead, I would rather turn my attention to the merits of Green thinking in chemical process development.

Specialty chemical manufacture begins with relatively simple raw materials and produces more complex and more valuable compounds.  Limiting the topic to synthesis as opposed to formulation, specialty chemical manufacture relies on the application of functional group manipulation to achieve an end product with the desired features and connectivity. 

In chemical manufacture, there are several general ways to improve process economics. The most general term is process intensification, which describes the overall effect of maximizing the conversion of raw materials into product per volume or per dollar of capital equipment.  This can be done by a) running reactions at more concentrated levels, b) the application of heat and pressure, c) the elimination of solvents altogether, d) the use of more reactive species, or e) telescoping. 

a) Of the many kinds of reaction optimization schemes that we learn in grad school, perhaps the least explored is space yield improvement. Space yield is just the kg of product obtained per liter of reaction mixture used.  In manufacturing, the goal is to maximize the number of kg of product obtained per plant man-hour for a given piece of equipment.  Raw material costs are only slightly adjustable, whereas labor hours can often be lowered with the application of better technology. Labor costs are among the highest costs in a plant, so the goal is to produce the most kg of product per man-hour.  

Intensification by increasing space yield simply means that a solution reaction is run at the highest reasonable concentration. The benefit is that a reactor is run at the highest mass yield per batch.  Since the corresponding increase in labor to run the higher space yield is near zero, the resulting labor costs are spread over a greater quantity of mass- the labor $/kg go down.

b) Most people come out of college with precious little experience or appreciation for the benefits of high temperature and pressure in chemical synthesis. Continuous high temperature short time (HTST) reactions are out there, but require specialized equipment and expertise. Engineers love this kind of processing. For an optimized process, HTST systems have comparitively small reaction zones that are relatively inexpensive and take advantage of the economics of continuous flow chemistry. Good examples are ammonia production or Petroleum refining.

c) The elimination of solvents is a tricky thing. Gas phase chemistry is well known and quite mature technology. It is also amenable to continuous flow processing.  Elimination of solvents in condensed phase chemistry is a bit different problem.  Solvent molecules are like tiny sand bags in their ability to absorb energy.  Neat reactions may be prone to exotherms, so the calorimetry of any given proposed neat reaction needs to be examined carefully.

On the plus side of solventless processing, the space yields are at maximum and reaction rates are not diminished by dilution effects.

d)  The use of more reactive materials in a process can have benefits in time savings if a particular step is slow or does not go to completion. If the reactive reagent affects the rate limiting step, then time and yield savings may be had. On the down side, increased reactivity may offer decreased selectivity. Increased hazards will have to be calculated into the value proposition as well.

e) Telescoping refers to the combination of multiple steps in one reactor.  In it’s best incarnation, telescoping may afford the direct reaction of a product in the reaction mixture of the previous reaction. The benefit is in the savings of man-hours in vessel cleanout and preparation time, minimized hazwaste, and minimum handling.  Another form of telescoping would be that pot residues are left in the vessel and reagents from the next step are charged in without extra transfers and new vessels.  This tends to minimize the number of vessels needed for a process and minimizes the opportunity costs of having empty vessels standing by for use.

The goal of green chemistry as I see it is to minimize environmental insult by the reduction of consumables and the discharge of hazardous waste streams from a plant to the outside world of waste treatment.  The reduction of consumables like solvents, reagents, or electrical power reduces hazards and pollution up and down the value chain. The reduction of hazardous wastes minimizes the mass that has to be consolidated for eventual incineration or burial.

The reduction of consumables is entirely compatible with the economic goals of business.  Process intensification points to the same general direction as the goals of Green Chemistry and should be considered a type of Green activity.  If one draws a picture of the ideal state of any chemical manufacturing process, it surely would include intensification with sustainable raw materials and with maximized throughput and minimized risk.

Unplanned Comedy

So, I was standing on a ladder in the basement late this afternoon, draining the water line to the sprinkler system from a valve high inside the basement wall. The lawn care guy was outside with a high pressure air line connected to the sprinkle system waiting for my signal to blow down the line.

Suddenly there was a surge of high pressure water spraying into my face and down the wall of the basement. I started screaming “Stop! Stop the water!!”. Fumbling for the valve in the deluge of water I realized that the flow would only stop if I could screw the small brass cap back onto the valve. As I fumbled in the spray, the water flow tapered off giving way to air and finally stopped.

Drenched, I walked outside to find that the fellow felt bad, but was also laughing pretty hard. I started laughing too and we agreed that it was kinda funny. We got the job finished and went about our business.

Dawkins: Speaking the Ineffable

Warning!! The following text contains links and declarative statements that may cause chafing or philosophical infarct.

The Richard Dawkins BBC programs “The Root of All Evil, Part 1 and Part 2“, are quite worth the time to view. It will no doubt be uncomfortable for some. Dawkins is very much a promoter of reason and doesn’t restrain his blunt questions at all. 

What is interesting to witness is Dawkins’ genuine surprise when a few characters respond with an absolute and even threatening rebuff to his reasoning.  I think he truly expected to move these people to see his point of view by the force of reason.  In many ways, this program portrays a world very hostile to the analysis of belief.

The whole notion of belief as an inviolable, sacrosanct capsule of “vital essence” seems to be hardwired into our brains.  For many, the prospect of another person drilling into your personal theory of the universe (God or physics) is both profane and invasive.  Like most people, I am not keen on being “examined” like some analytical sample either. But in the end, a “theory of everything” that can’t survive scrutiny is not worth having.

Perhaps where Dawkins goes astray is at grasping the difference between being analytically correct and just being comfortable with an idea.  Few people have the overlap of both curiosity and the opportunity to cover some new ground in the scholarly examination of the Big Questions.  In fact, it seems that the methodical pursuit of novelty is not a universal trait in culture.  A great many people are perfectly happy to live and believe as the ancestors did. 

Dawkins is not shy about drilling into the bedrock of belief. I think between Dawkins, Harris, and Dennett, there is a growing realization that religion should be studied analytically as a natural phenomenon rather than exclusively as a subject of devotion. 

Communication Codewords

Within organizations there are always people who are very quick to demand better communication. When you hear them make this statement, you might understandably believe that they wanted more information out on the table for discussion. One could take this to mean that their intent was to come to a group concensus.  And, for some people this is the case.

But for others, the word “communication” is a kind of code word. It means something like this- “YOU need to disclose this information so I can make the call on what is going to happen”. It is about control, and in most organizations much of the day to day conflict that arises has to do with control over some kind of resource. It is the root cause of much bad behaviour by grownup persons who should know better. When you think about it, power is about the the ability to allocate resources.

Many people who bark about communication are vocal about receiving it, but are poor at reciprocating.  That is, they are an information black hole, or a kind of WOM-  Write Only Memory. Such folks are great at demanding information, but somehow can’t be as diligent about it themselves.

If you have a leadership role where these kind of conflicts are occuring, the best thing to do is to bring conflicting parties together and mediate or facilitate the communication between them.  If you are not in a leadershop role, the best thing to do is to be guilty of generosity with information.  Send information by email and save copies of the correspondence for CYA.

Enomagnetic Resonance

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopists have finally crawled down off their crosses and condescended to the application of their technology to something really useful- the study of wine NMR spectra. If you believe the attached article, a restaurant in NJ has purchased an NMR spectrometer for the purpose of determining the quality of wine.  Evidently, the contents of a cork-sealed bottle can be examined by proton and 13C NMR.

Jeepers.  I wonder if it is hard to get boxed wines to spin inside the magnet? \;-)

One question. Does the rotating frame turn the opposite direction for Australian wines?