Category Archives: Current Events

Bug Hunt: Los Angeles

Big, angry, armored termite soldiers from the Planet “O” land off the coast of SoCal and make an amphibious assault. Luckily for humanity they land near Camp Pendelton. Thus begins Battle: Los Angeles

Filmed in a documentary style, this movie follows the travails of a platoon of Marines on a mission to pick up civilians at a police station in Malibu and take them to a forward operating base (FOB) before heavy bombardment of the coast begins. The aliens take and keep the initiative early in the invasion.

The invaders aren’t misunderstood ET’s with big blue cow eyes.  These bipedal and possibly cyborgish critters are loaded with high velocity rounds and are fiendishly single-minded in their attempt to secure the planet. Aaron Eckhart plays the lead character, Staff Sergeant Michael Nantz.  Along the way the platoon picks up USAF staff sergeant Elena Santos played by Michelle Rodriguez. The casting of Rodriguez was particularly smart from the marketing perspective. Hotties with automatic weapons are irresistable to the male moviegoer. I’m thinking of Ripley making her escape from the Nostromo.

OK, guys, this is not a chick flick. It’s not especially bloody, but it is filled to the brim with male bravado and long satisfying bursts of full automatic gun fire. Wives and girl friends may be unmoved by the machinegun aesthetic. Just thought I’d mention it.

It’s not Academy Award stuff, but it is worth seeing on the big screen.

On a separate topic, for the fans of Dune, there is this link.

China Syndrome in Japan

The China Syndrome is a fanciful “theory” that postulates that when a nuclear reactor undergoes a meltdown, the hot core material melts through the pressure vessel and through the concrete containment flooring below into the ground. All the way to China. 

Well, this really can”t happen because the core, hot as it is and dense as it is, could only go to whatever depth matches it’s density. I don’t think many people really understand what happens to core material when it breaches the containment and encounters the subsurface. Further, it’s hard to say if the core material will remain intact as a single unit long enough to retain a critical condition as it spills outside of the reactor vessel assembly. 

The fuel elements are, I believe, ceramic in nature, making them refractory. Refractory materials have quite high melting points. A reaction mass that has some fluidity might well split off isolated blebs which could then take the whole mass away from a critical condition.  This would tend to dampen the reaction rate and allow the reaction mass to cool below the melting point of the mass.  

Quite apart from the dispersion of the core material is the loss of moderator around the reaction mass.  This would occur as the primary coolant water flashes to steam as the pressure vessel is breached. Loss of moderator reduces the number of neutrons in the resonant range and the power should drop accordingly.  The decay heat from the fission products should be fierce.

As a molten parcel of reactor core heats up the surface material below it, the molten flooring, soil, or bedrock must be fluid enough to allow the core to displace it downward. It could be that the blob gets elongated and increases the surface to volume ratio enough to allow the loss of neutron flux to cause the blob to cool below the melting point of the ground.   How a self-heating blob of core material behaves under the pull of gravity in a variable and possibly refractory rocky matrix is not an easy problem.

Ground water would be problematic for the neighborhood because eruptions of contaminated steam would be expected to issue from the crater.

I hope these poor fellows are able to get their reactors under control before the area gets too hot.  If the reactor spaces and control rooms get too hot it is going to complicate the remediation.

It is worth reading the updates from NISA.

Some Comments on Public Schools

I know public school teachers very well. There is much talk about the kind of job public school teachers are doing these days. Much of the discussion is very negative.  A lot of people seem to think that American public school education is in some kind of decline.  Conservatives in particular seem to have a good deal of criticism to direct at public school teachers.

While I suspect that this grumbling on the right has more to do with vengeful, angry little boys who have grown to be vengeful, angry men, I’ll set this hypothesis on the shelf for some more aging.

In Coloado we have an annual test battery for public school students called the CSAP’s.  It was an initiative set forth by conservative legislators who have a very negative view of public education in general and of teachers unions in particular.  The CSAP’s start tomorrow in fact.  My 9th grade kid will spend the next week taking them. 

It is funny. No matter how tight the legislation is, people will always find a way to game the system.  I know of one principal who was selected to open a brand new elementary school nearby.  While at his previous elementary school in a poor neighborhood, he had access to the students CSAP scores. Prior to his departure he contacted the parents of the top 70 or so students and invited them to come to his new school in a more affluent neighborhood. Nearly all of them did, leaving the previous school in the lurch.  Test scores plummeted at his previous school last year because of this. The parents of the recruited students had a good many volunteers among them. The level of volunteerism dropped substantially as well, adding to the workload in a school already depleted of hourly teachers aids.

Yes, the aforementioned principal seems guilty of some kind of malfeasance or corruption. He’s gaming the system. But he fell out of the sky into a system begging for gamesmanship.  He did it to pave his way into a superintendant slot someday and I’ve no doubt that he’ll get it.

The great fallacy of this issue in the public forum is that it is up to teachers alone to keep kids on track.  Having been married to a special education teacher I can say that there are a great many parents producing kids that are improperly wired, emotionally disturbed, sociopathic, and/or neglected or abused.  Many kids go to school hungry and go home to high stress environments where there is rampant drug abuse, alcohol, and family violence. 

It is not uncommon for some elementary students to be the only family members who can speak English.  Parents in such homes are not able to help with home work. They are not able to communicate with the schools owing to cultural aversion to such contact or because they are undocumented.

I believe that our culture has changed considerably since my age cohort was in public school.  College was a distant aspiration for many of us.  College was not needed to work in the trades. We could get on-the-job training or attend some kind of trade school.  Or, join the military.  These were the options. We had been to the moon, tamed the atom, and built massive industrial capacity for manufacturing an ever growing array of widgets and medicines.  Arguably, something was working well if industrial output is the measure.

But over time, with greater affluence in the US and abroad, the technology gap between the US and other nations began to shrink. Other cultures were developing their own magic dust and secret sauce.  The advantages of the US system began to diminish relative to other cultures. But the one thing that didn’t change is the bell curve.  As a population we still produce offspring who populate the bell curve of abilities and interests. 

I suspect that we have begun to intepret the “below 50th percentile” population in the various bell curves in a most disturbing way. Could it be that we are interpreting the very existance of the low academic achieving population as some sort of educational or societal failure?  Are we expecting modern education to skew the curve toward the high end against the natural spread of abilities and aptitudes in our culture?   Is the notion of excellence skewed towards academic achievement rather than the myriad other activities that make a productive life? Is high academic achievement the only acceptable result of education of our population? 

Not everyone needs to be a scientist or an engineer or astronaut.  We need to continue to identify youth who have such interests and aptitudes and carefully cultivate them toward such opportunities.  But we also must pay attention to those who have more ground based aspirations and abilities and value them just as highly.  It is like a food web.

The notion that we should engineer our schools to produce more super achievers is faulty and unfair to the 99 % who won’t become scientists or astronauts.   Even if we could multiply the population of scientists, engineers, and astronauts, the economy cannot accomodate them. Such professions are near the apex of the career pyramid.

I have come to believe that US culture has failed a large number of its youth.  Just look at the rates of incarceration in the USA.  A culture truly concerned about the wellbeing of its individuals wouldn’t have a few million of them in jail.  Could it be that the conditions in which we imprison citizens reflects what we truly think about individuals?  I think the current malaise in public school education manifested as high dropout rates and low achievement  and the epidemic of convicted felons may be connected as part of a larger failing of our society.

Nuclear Emergency in Japan

The recent earthquake in Japan has triggered an actual nuclear emergency at the Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant. According to IAEA, the explosion earlier today originated in the Unit 1 reactor building and was not the result of explosive breach of the primary containment. One character interviewed on CNN called it a six sigma event.

If memory serves, water dissociates at ~2300 C. The cracking of coolant water by overheated fuel elements would result in the generation of noncondensable gases (H2 and possibly O2) that would add to the pressure excursion. Venting is the only option at that point. This was an issue at TMI. The explosive concentration range of hydrogen is very wide.

IAEA goes on to say that Units 1,2,and 4 are experiencing increased pressure, but Unit 3 is in a safe cold shutdown condition.  Tokyo Electric Power Company received permission to inject boronated seawater into the Unit 1 reactor.

This is very ominous news. Plainly, if the cooling loops were dumping enough energy out of the reactor they would not inject corrosive sea water into it.

There is a lot of talk about a meltdown.  As of this post, nothing has been disclosed about the actual state of the Unit 1 reactor core.  There has been no word on the state of the fuel elements or the state of the coolant loops.  I assume that the reactor design has a negative reactivity coefficient that will attenuate the reactivity with water coolant loss or void space formation.  The link on reactivity coefficients delves into a number of interesting and perhaps not-so-intuitive effects on reactivity during an upset condition.

Budget Hand Waving

It is interesting to watch how the various factions of our culture interact on the matter of governmental budgets.  It is though a budget is an end in itself. It is though a budget is the final product of government.  Many apply a puritanical spin on budget and debt concepts. This country produces Cotton Mather characters every generation.

What is important about a budget item is what it does out in the field. OK, elected officials pushed the funding for a particular program or acquisition.  It seems to me that what is of interest is the result of the funding, not the protracted battle for funding.  The headline should be the funded project and the politicians can take their credit in the Congressional Quarterly.

The contrived acrimony over budgets is a battle over abstraction.  People make wild claims as to the market or social imperatives and morality of various magnitudes of spending. Spastic gesticulations and flying spittle get air time on the tube.  But perhaps we should go to the actual object of the budget item and have a look? Who knows what we’ll find?

What the republicans bring to the proceedings is a plan for nothing less than social reconstruction. They plan to wrest control over government so they can kill it.  The Teahadist wing and their antebellum jive appeals to a subset of the electorate more at ease with the Luddite ideals of the John Birch Society than to the social ideals of the 20th century. 

I can’t believe that history will look favorably on the conservatives and their irretrievably antisocial doctrines. People who have benefitted in more ways than they understand from the massive civil infrastructure of the USA now want to stop contributing  to it.

It’s too bad there isn’t a  libertarian confederate homeland for them to go to.  They could spend their days privatizing themselves silly while sitting there in the shade, counting their Krugerrands and sipping Mint Julips. Wait a minute, that sounds pretty relaxing …

I wish I was in the land of cotton, old times there are not forgotten,
Look away, look away, look away, Dixie Land.

Sharpless dihydroxylation technology now off patent

I noticed that a number of the Sharpless US patents for dihydroxylation processes would appear to be expired. For example, US 5126494, US 4965364, US 5227543, US 5260461, US 4871855, etc. 

I wonder how useful this chemistry is today? It was a minor sensation back when I was in grad school.  Of course, grad students and profs didn’t worry about patent coverage then.

China’s Stealth Fighter Revealed

It is interesting that China’s new J20 stealth aircraft has been revealed before deployment. US stealth aircraft were long a source of UFO reports before they were officially acknowledged.  The Chinese J20 aircraft, called a “fighter” by some, bears a striking resemblance to the US F22 Raptor, though larger and perhaps capable of a fighter-bomber role.

China's J20 Aircraft

While some discount the real maturity of Chinese stealth technology, it is clear that they are on track for parity with the US in this regard.  Stealth technology has as much to do with the shape and angle of surfaces and edges as it does radar absoptive coatings. The Chinese already know what it takes. They just have to come up with flight control systems and manufacturing processes to build the aircraft.

Stealth aircraft and nuclear powered aircraft carriers are a potent combination for the projection of power. Will the sun rise on a Chinese nuclear carrier group patrolling the Atlantic by 2020?  Where will their authoritarian marketplace take them, and us?

Benchtop ESR Spectrometer, Rare Earths, and Global Politics

A company called Active Spectrum is marketing a benchtop ESR unit called the Micro-ESR that performs electron spin resonance measurements. The site says that the system operates at 3.4 and 9.6 GHz and has sub-micromolar sensitivity.  It’s pretty amazing, really.

I don’t know for a fact but the easy guess is that this ESR instrument and the picoSpin NMR spectrometer are based on some kind of rare earth magnet technology. Both instruments use very small cross section sample space, presumably to accomodate a design scheme to bring magnetic field lines together as closely as possible in the probe giving a useful field strength without a big electromagnet.

A quick patent search fails to turn up patents based on some obvious key words. I’ll have to spend some time looking more intently.

Now that I’ve got you hanging on to the rotating frame, lets tip you over with this.  China’s new policy of restricting rare earth element (REE) export as well as the recent announcement that it would be inposing fairly stiff tariffs means that wonders like these two magnet-based technologies are going to feel a pinch in raw material supply and competition real soon. The aggregate demand picture for REE’s will exceed supply by 2014 or so.  Market purists will nod knowingly and chant their homily on the rational allocation of goods by the market. 

But to what extent is China part of a rational market? China, Inc., really consists of a highly nationalized array of business fronts that are backed to the hilt by the Chinese government by internally favorable regulations on ownership and local sourcing. Don’t forget that Chinese currency is shielded from valuation excursions. 

To a large extent, China is leveraging technology developed in Japan and the west with metal resources highly concentrated within its borders to apply a pincer attack on the market place. China has industrial policy that it is steadfastly acting to strengthen its manufacturing base while the USA has an emphasis on aligning its citizens to be more receptive to consumption.

Wouldn’t it be nice to live in a country that tried harder to make its manufacturing industry more robust rather than the present fascination with finance and the well being of financiers?  Wouldn’t it be nice if westerners transferred a bit less of our magic to countries who will turn it into a stick to beat us over the head with? 

It is going to take a lot more than glib talk about the free market to deal with China and the growing influence of nationalized companies around the world.

A willing suspension of belief. Anatomy of a liberal.

I keep getting emails from conservative friends and acquaintances who are obsessed by what they call political correctness. In these emails, some kind of sarcastic parody is made regarding an alleged trend to ban the use of the phrase “Merry Christmas”.  Neoconservatives latch onto this like barnacles on the bottom of a tramp steamer. Inside their pointy heads they imagine that a cabal of liberals are scheming to take their guns and their religion from them.

If other liberals are like me (an admitted dissident), then not only do we not want to deprive them of  their damned firearms and bibles, but we want to put as many miles between us as possible. At least out of shooting range.

Christmas has a secular component and practice that even a bitter, crusty, non-religious liberal like myself can feel comfortable with. But as far as possible insensitivity to Jews and Muslims, well the decendents of Abraham will have to work that out amongst themselves.

In my limited sphere I don’t know of a single liberal who is trying to replace “Merry Christmas” with “Happy Holidays”. Only conservatives carp about this.  It’s a red herring promulgated by that famous yapping vaudevillian cur himself, Rush whatshisname, in the name of ratings.

——————

I’m moved to comment on what makes some people liberal.  A recent article in Slate was written by a conservative, Daniel Sarewitz, who seems to be genuinely perplexed at the apparent trend of scientists, or at least academics, to be liberal. It is though he is talking about a smallpox epidemic.  While I have no idea as to the C/L ratio of scientists and academics, I can say that from my perch on a small and obscure branch of the tree of science, liberals like myself are rather scarce.

Indeed, most of the industrial chemists I am in contact with are libertarians or evangelical conservatives or plain vanilla orthodox conservatives. So, from my limited data set,  Sarewitz’s complaint appears specious.

He probably refers to the life and eco-sciences, earth science, astronomy, big-time-physics, etc. I suspect that the balance is different in these fields.

But why would scientists trend towards a liberal viewpoint?  I have some ideas. First, the scientific approach to the world relies heavily on study and measurement.  Scientists tend to study analytically or, to use another term, critically. Critical study of the physical world requires a willing suspension of belief.  A scientist must keep a loose grip on beliefs because experimental results frequently force one to re-examine fundamental assumptions.  Fame and glory in science goes to those who tip over the apple cart of concepts with contrary results.  All scientists are excited at the prospect of looking at something in a new way.

I would offer that one attribute of a liberal person is the ability and willingness to reexamine ones fundamental assumptions. A corollary to this is that liberals are eager to acquire a new perspective on things in general. It is simply an artifact of curiosity.

Conservatives whom I know also appreciate study and measurement. But I think there is more of a trend towards devotional study rather than critical study. It’s about a greater knowledge of doctrine or greater fidelity with a catechism of policies.

Religionists upset with the notion of the separation of church and state often assert their right to be heard and to express their religiosity in public spaces.  Some liberals might take this as a simple matter of freedom of speech. And if that is all the religionists want, that would be fine. But if you look closely, they don’t want simple speech, they want to hold services in public spaces. They want to bring the civil sphere into alignment with their doctrine.

Religious services are about the veneration of the sacred. But “sacred” means that which is beyond question or understanding.  In a real sense, holding something sacred is to set apart a concept or doctrine from critical analysis. Religionists are not interested in a public critical analysis of their precepts. They are only interested in broader devotional covereage.

A liberal person is compelled to do critical analysis.  The very notion of sacredness is antithetical to one who seeks analytical truth. The policy that some concepts are beyond analysis is simply a form of thought control and is more suited to the Iron Age than the present.

For a good many people, college is a time and a place for intellectual experimentation and openness.  The university is an institution where critical analysis of the great world systems takes place.  The active examination of our world is the realm of the progressive.  Progressives push the boundaries of knowledge irrespective of where it might lead. Sometimes our analyses reflect well on our human or national institutions and sometimes it does not. But knowledge hidden is knowledge abused. That universities are loaded with liberals is a natural outcome of the shared intellectual adventure students are taking.

Merry Christmas from your liberal friend,

Th’ Gaussling

American Plutocrats and Commoners

It is really interesting how American commoners can support a political party that obviously serves interests of the top money earners and wealthy elites in this country. Perhaps they are waiting for some scraps to fall off the table? Or some of that lucre to dribble down their way in the form of a fabulous $9.00/hr retail job?   But, “commoners”?  What does that mean?

I figure that since the country seems bent on heading in the direction of a 19th Century-style society of stratified income classes, we may as well dust off the Victorian terminology and talk about how life is going to be. 

Power is the ability to allocate resources. As more and more resources come under the control of a wealthy minority, government seems to align itself increasingly to a small pool of influential and wealthy elite.  With the election of the upcoming congressional class, it is very clear that wealthy corporations and individuals are getting what they paid for-  statutory favors and influence in the deconstruction of the federal system of government. It is no coincidence that politicians from southern states, where an upswing in antebellum sentiment is afoot, are especially keen on the topic of states rights and other confederate sympathies.  Old antipathy is being dusted off and tried on for size.

Since SCOTUS has affirmed that money equals speech in Citizens United v Federal Election Commission, and that corporate funding of broadcasts cannot be limited under the First Amendment, anonymous streams of cash from conservative donors have flooded the 2010 election.  Such is the power of persuasion made by big money that a class of deconstructionists has been elected to the next session of congress.

Americans commoners have a fetish about the ways of the megawealthy.  Dial up CNBC sometime when Warren Buffett and Bill Gates are interviewed at one of the Ivy League B-Schools. Watch all of the gaga-eyed MBA students as they hang on every utterance proffered by these two American Plutocrats. It is a form of rapture. The students and faculty are under a kind of enchantment. But this is no different from the country at large. Watch how commoners behave around Donald Trump, or Oprah for that matter.

One of the things that will have to change in the near future is a rewrite of the local zoning codes pertaining to shanty towns and squatting.  As the population grows, as raw material scarcity increases, and as wealth continues to shift toward the wealthy side of the bell curve, more and more people will find themselves unable to house themselves. Increasingly we see a housing system heavily relying on credit and background checks, high rents, and the need to commute in America’s now balky system of suburbs.  The suburb system places a great distance between work centers and living centers, making transportation problematic for our up-and-coming dirt poor class.

As the population of dirt poor and destitute rises due to deindustrialization and dissolution of social safety nets (say, by 2030), all flexibility in the system will begin to play out and people will find themselves living in shanties and refrigerator boxes. They’ll become squatters. The local constables will have to deal with them because municipalities will refuse to compromise property values and will shun the homeless.

Let’s see.  What will the growing class of homeless do with their time? Write poems about the joys of laissez faire orthodoxy? I think that somebody will put together an appealing manifesto on insurrection.

Maybe our own village idiot, Glenn Beck, is right. Maybe there is a revolution underway. But I don’t think it is the one he is expecting.