A representative of the Mars Society was interviewed on NPR the other day- Founder Dr. Robert Zubrin- in relation to a conference at UCLA. Zubrin was expounding on the exciting future for mankind on the red planet.
It is the usual space exploration cheerleading stuff that must be done to sustain interest. Visit their website and you’ll see that the Mars Society has been sponsoring some simulated Mars missions in order to accumulate experience and credibility to be at the forefront of an actual mission. They even have an impressive list of scientific advisors.
After hearing some of the ambitious plans to colonize and industrialize Mars, it seems clear that the most important resource colonists on Mars will need is a ready supply of electrons.
Exploiting Martian raw materials will be an energy intensive activity. There will be all kinds of electrical devices to power. Don’t forget backup components, tools, and a collection of spare parts. Maybe a whole module should be dedicated to nuts, bolts, screws, toilet plungers, and duct tape. An orange Home Depot supply craft should follow every mission to Mars.
Since fuels and oxidizers for combustion will be in short supply, there will be no hydrocarbon powered … anything. There will be no diesel burning Caterpillars to move dirt. No calcining lime to make concrete. Prospecting for minerals will consume precious energy as will beneficiation of the ore. The refinement of minerals to afford materials of construction will be deeply energy dependent both in terms of building a processing plant and production itself.
Once metal ore is found, it must be taken from a deposit, concentrated, and eventually reduced to the metallic form. This is the other requirement for electrons on Mars. Eventually, metal ions must be supplied with electrons from some more abundant supply. Electrorefining may do the deed from an electrode. The other obvious source is from electropositive metals or from elemental carbon.
Calcium or magnesium are used to reduce a number of other metals already. Coke has been used in iron refining for a long time. But how would a metal refining operation on Mars obtain these electropositive materials? Hauling calcium or coke from earth? Not likely.
Raw materials for metals refining on arid, alien planets will be a real challenge. Electrons for reduction will almost certainly come from electric power generation. Carbonaceous materials will be in too short of a supply. Hydrogen will have to be won by electrolytic cracking of precious water. Consumption of this hydrogen will have to be thought through very carefully, given the previous investment in electrical power to prepare it.
To a very large extent, the colonization of Mars will be an electrically powered adventure. Working electrons on Mars will be the most highly prized resource. Mars Base sounds like a nuclear destination to me.

