Wow. This gives me chills. In the last week this blog has been visited twice by chatgpt-content-generator.online. If AI is getting content from me, what other crazy sh*t are they retrieving?
Category Archives: Uncategorized
Oh Tucker!
I really want to blather on about the Fox talking head Tucker Carlson and how he got himself dumped from his network. But that would be indecent self-indulgence. Instead, I’ll just bathe in the warm glow of schadenfreude.
Lost Capsule of Cs-137 Recovered in Western Australia
According to Reuters, a 6 mm diameter by 8 mm long capsule of radioactive Cesium-137 was lost along the 1400 km road between a storage facility in suburban Perth and Rio Tinto’s Gudai-Darri iron mine in the Kimberley region of western Australia. The source was lost sometime between January 12 and the 25th, 2023. The capsule had been attached to a piece of equipment in a crate but evidently vibrated loose in transport from a road train– a multi-trailer vehicle- and fell off. While the activity was not disclosed the source was described as one that “emits radiation equal to 10 X-rays per hour”.
On February 1, 2023, the source was reportedly located after a week-long search along the 1400 km road. It was discovered by a vehicle moving at 70 kph with special detection equipment.
Furious Russians on Television
In following the savage Putin war against Ukraine I have become partial to watching short video’s on TVP’s Military Mind via YouTube. TVP is Polish public television. They have unique and up to date war footage and coverage every episode. The war footage they get is mostly drone or smart phone in origin and is pretty rough but it gives a sense of what it is like on the ground. If you are expecting politically balanced war reporting, this is not the place to get it. This Polish station is clearly wary of Russia, or Putin at least, and it’s geopolitical intentions.
Recently there was a particularly disturbing clip on TVP taken from a Russian television show called The Evening With Vladimir Solovyov . Solovyov is a state television mouthpiece for Putin. The format has guests standing at widely separated podiums and taking turns venting their sometimes murderous outrage. In it was a guest named Yevgeny Satanovsky who is President of the Institute of the Middle East who gave a very calm and matter-of-fact opinion on how to deal with their true enemies, the Americans. Russian TV has been startingly vocal about their perception of the “American threat” and what we deserve for standing up against them. From the Daily Beast article–
“First of all, our main enemy is certainly the United States. What does the U.S. react to? They react to two things: the threat of physical annihilation and the liquidation of a certain number of military personnel. What we know based on wars in Vietnam and Korea is that several tens of thousands of annihilated American servicemen will cause the public opinion in the U.S. to be severely strained. I will repeat: not several thousand, like in Afghanistan or Iraq, but a certain number of tens of thousands. Who will liquidate them, where they will be liquidated and in what way is completely irrelevant, but this is one of the objectives if we want to influence the American leadership. We have absolutely nothing to lose.”
Satanovsky concluded that based on how the Americans fought in Korea and Viet Nam, America could be counted on to limit it’s involvement up to a maximum of several “tens of thousands” of US casualties. They feign awareness of our dirty little secret of squeamishness about the body count in foreign engagements. Satanovsky said several times that Russia must “liquidate” several tens of thousands of Americans in order to stop America’s support of Ukraine. This is the key to American disengagement he says.
Resorting to grotesque threats in the same program, Andrey Kartapolov, head of the Russian State Duma Defense Committee, addressed the West with a line from an old Soviet movie: “Don’t worry, it won’t hurt when we cut your throat. We’ll slice just once and you’re in heaven… Our victory will take place wherever the Russian soldier will stop—and wherever he stops, from there he will never leave.”
Americanist Dmitry Drobnitsky commented: “In our country, we embraced one American we wouldn’t want to kill: that would be Tucker Carlson.” This is pathetic beyond words.
All of this is content generated by the host and his guests. But, their sentiments clearly are in line with the Kremlin’s interest in popular support for Putin’s war and antagonism towards the west. Much public sentiment seems to be tied up in national loss of face from the Russian military’s poor performance in the war but not so much in the actual need for the war. If you watch a few of these episodes you’ll see guests venting their white hot rage at America for it’s support of Ukraine peppered with references to WWIII and nuclear war with the west.
Propaganda, /ˌpräpəˈɡandə/, noun: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
Americans should view some of this Russian television content to get an idea of the anti-American, anti-western bile being spewed continuously by the Russian propaganda apparatus. The Kremlin has been a master of propaganda for many years. They know the value of repeating big lies over and over. Unfortunately, certain Americans have been using this technique on our own population as well.
Hegemony, /həˈjemənē,ˈhejəˌmōnē/, noun: leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others. “Germany was united under Prussian hegemony after 1871”
At present, Russia is publicly stamping their feet in outrage over western interference in their dirty little invasion, making every threat they can imagine. At the same time, actors for the state continue to conduct wave after wave of attacks on the west over the internet. Others are covertly interfering with our politics by trying to destabilize democracy. The overall goal the Russian’s share with China is to deflate American hegemony in the world and replace it with their own. You know, just your basic quest for world domination. It never ends.
100-year concrete aging experiment ends in 2023
Somebody was thinking ahead at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1910. Civil engineering professor and later Dean of the College of Engineering, Morton O. Withey (1882-1961), began an experiment on the effect of age and environment on what was then a relatively new building material- concrete. Now, in 2023, a second 100-year batch of experimental castings are coming to completion.

Withey, a 1904 Dartmouth graduate, began casting samples of various compositions of cement, sand and stone in 1910 when he initially cast 450 of the 6 x 12-inch cylinders. He cast other sets of samples in 1923 and 1937 for a total of over 2500 cylindrical castings.
According to the Wisconsin State Journal the 1910 samples were tested at the 100 year mark and the 1937 samples were tested at the 50 year mark. A comparison of the 1910 samples revealed that both the samples stored in the air and in water strengthened in similar increments for a time and thereafter the samples stored in water continued to strengthen. Exposure of the dry samples to carbon dioxide lead to chipping. The dry 1910 samples yielded to 75 tons of pressure whereas the wet samples yielded at up to 100 tons of pressure. This disparity is thought to arise from continuous hydration of the water-wet samples.
Since the time when the samples were cast, the chemistry of cement and concrete has changed to where the engineering data is no longer of interest for ongoing work. However, the experiment has broadened the envelop of known properties of various concrete compositions.
A wealth of interesting information on the properties of concrete can be found at the Wikipedia website.
Wyoming state senator back pedals on EV ban
An article in the Washington Post today reveals that state senator Jim Anderson who introduced the resolution to ban EV sales by 2035 in Wyoming is now saying that he doesn’t “actually” want EV sales phased out. He said that he has no problem with EVs at all. Instead, he and other legislators have a problem with California’s plan to ban gas-powered vehicles. Anderson said, his bill was “just a resolution saying, ‘We don’t like your bill that you did.’”
It is no secret that regulations made in California often spread to the rest of the country and this seems to be part of the issue for the tit-for-tat in the Wyoming statehouse. Plainly this is a real worry for some. But to fire up the legislative machinery and produce a resolution grumbling about another state’s switch to EVs seems to be a bit of impotent GOP grandstanding. I’m sure it plays well in the Cowboy State. No worries about this tempest in a teapot. EVs will share the road with gas and diesel pickup trucks in Wyoming and the US for a long time to come.
Wyoming wants to ban sales of new EVs by 2035
The Wyoming legislature has produced SJ0004 – Supporting the phasing out new electric vehicle sales by 2035. Below is a copy of the proposed bill. It’s just a joint resolution. Am I surprised that the square state sitting just north of my square state has produced this? Not in the least.
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. SJ0004
Phasing out new electric vehicle sales by 2035.
Sponsored by: Senator(s) Anderson, Boner, Cooper and Dockstader and Representative(s) Burkhart and Henderson
A JOINT RESOLUTION
for
A JOINT RESOLUTION expressing support for phasing out the sale of new electric vehicles in Wyoming by 2035.
WHEREAS, oil and gas production has long been one of Wyoming’s proud and valued industries; and
WHEREAS, the oil and gas industry in Wyoming has created countless jobs and has contributed revenues to the state of Wyoming throughout the state’s history; and
WHEREAS, since its invention, the gas-powered vehicle has enabled the state’s industries and businesses to engage in commerce and transport goods and resources more efficiently throughout the country; and
WHEREAS, Wyoming’s vast stretches of highway, coupled with a lack of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, make the widespread use of electric vehicles impracticable for the state; and
WHEREAS, the batteries used in electric vehicles contain critical minerals whose domestic supply is limited and at risk for disruption; and
WHEREAS, the critical minerals used in electric batteries are not easily recyclable or disposable, meaning that municipal landfills in Wyoming and elsewhere will be required to develop practices to dispose of these minerals in a safe and responsible manner; and
WHEREAS, the expansion of electric vehicle charging stations in Wyoming and throughout the country necessary to support more electric vehicles will require massive amounts of new power generation in order to sustain the misadventure of electric vehicles; and
WHEREAS, the United States has consistently invested in the oil and gas industry to sustain gas-powered vehicles, and that investment has resulted in the continued employment of thousands of people in the oil and gas industry in Wyoming and throughout the country; and
WHEREAS, fossil fuels, including oil and petroleum products, will continue to be vital for transporting goods and people across Wyoming and the United States for years to come; and
WHEREAS, the proliferation of electric vehicles at the expense of gas-powered vehicles will have deleterious impacts on Wyoming’s communities and will be detrimental to Wyoming’s economy and the ability for the country to efficiently engage in commerce; and
WHEREAS, phasing out the sale of new electric vehicles in Wyoming by 2035 will ensure the stability of Wyoming’s oil and gas industry and will help preserve the country’s critical minerals for vital purposes.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WYOMING:
Section 1. That the legislature encourages and expresses as a goal that the sale of new electric vehicles in the state of Wyoming be phased out by 2035.
Section 2. That the legislature encourages Wyoming’s industries and citizens to limit the sale and purchase of new electric vehicles in Wyoming with a goal of phasing out the sale of new electric vehicles in Wyoming by 2035.
Section 3. That the Secretary of State of Wyoming transmit copies of this resolution to the President of the United States, each member of Wyoming’s congressional delegation, the President of the United States Senate, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, the governor of Wyoming and the governor of California.
The “Effects of Nuclear Weapons”
About 45 years ago I picked up a copy of a book titled The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, 1977, edited by Samuel Glasstone and Philip J. Dolan and prepared by the US Department of Defense. As a plus the book came with a plastic circular slide rule that calculates weapons effects as a function of explosive yield and altitude. Being interested in nuclear energy and being a slide rule collector, this was a thrilling moment. I found it at the local Goodwill store. Still have it.
The book goes into all of the phenomenology of a nuclear detonation as well as the effects on the surrounding environment. It describes the blast effects, thermal radiation effects, crater dimensions, nuclear radiation and fallout, electromagnetic pulse and biological effects. Apparently, there was a lot of curve fitting of data over the years of weapons research that produced mathematical approximations allowing a calculating device to be made.

To be blunt, being overenthusiastic about weaponry has never struck me as, well, healthy. But I have always been fascinated by scientific extrema. Biggest, fastest, smallest, heaviest, hottest … you get the picture. What happens near the boundaries? Nuclear explosives and explosions certainly produce extreme effects.
I lived during the cold war up to the point where I finished my postdoc the same time as when Gorbachev dissolved the Soviet Union. The international dynamics of Soviet Cold War politics was interesting to follow at the time. Having some familiarity with nuclear weapons effects helped to accrue a bit of perspective on the nuclear threat element of the whole unfortunate time.
The NOTAM Issue
Recently, the FAA had a fiasco with its NOTAM service. Departures were halted system-wide and there was general fear and loathing in the air transport industry. According to Flying magazine, in a preliminary statement the FAA is claiming the cause of the shutdown was related to a damaged database file. The purpose of the NOTAM is to provide important and current information to pilots. There have been facile comparisons to the previous fiasco with Southwest Airlines. Easy does it there folks.
NOTAM used to stand for Notice To Airmen. It was changed to Notice To Air Missions. I guess this is now gender neutral.
Meg Godlewski at Flying magazine writes-
NOTAMs provide essential information to pilots about the abnormal status of a component of the national airspace system, such as ground-based navigational system failures at airports, GPS outages, and facility closures. Pilots are required to check for NOTAMs pertinent to for their departure airport, route, and destination as part of preflight planning.
The content of a NOTAM is written in a highly abbreviated manner. This continues from the days of the teletype machine where brevity was important due to the limitations of communication technology. An example of a NOTAM from an FAA website is shown below-
e. Changes to usable runway length and declared distances
EXAMPLES-
…RWY 19 THR DISPLACED 300FT MARKING NOT STD. DECLARED DIST: TORA 6827FT TODA 6827FT ASDA 6827FT LDA 6527FT. ….
…RWY 01 DECLARED DIST: TORA 6827FT TODA 6827FT ASDA 6527FT LDA 6527FT. …
NOTE-
Runway 19 threshold is displaced 300 feet, therefore the Runway 19 landing LDA is shortened by 300 feet. The LDA and ASDA for Runway 1 are also shortened by 300 feet.
EXAMPLE-
…RWY 05/23 NE 500FT CLSD. DECLARED DIST: RWY 05 TORA 7002FT TODA 7002FT ASDA 7002FT LDA 7002FT. RWY 23 TORA 7002FT TODA 7002FT ASDA 7002FT LDA 7002FT. …
NOTE-
Construction on Runway 05 requires 500 feet to be closed to protect a construction area thus changing declared distances to Runways 05 and 23.
EXAMPLE-
…RWY 08/26 CHANGED TO 10000FT X 150FT. DECLARED DIST: RWY 08 TORA 9000FT TODA 9500FT ADSA 9000FT LDA 9000FT. RWY 26 TORA 9000FT TODA 9000FT ASDA 9400FT LDA 10000FT….
Notice that each example has a “translation” in plain English. It seems like there is no longer a technology-related need for this kind of abbreviated and cryptic text.
In government there is a general hesitancy to fund upgrades to infrastructure, unless maybe it relates to defense. An upgrade of the NOTAM system isn’t like executing a moon landing or splitting the atom. It is plainly needed IT work and when the congress gets through parading their indignity in front of the cameras, they should be able to get started on funding and mandating a fix in the system.
Living on Mars
I was born a few weeks before Sputnik was launched. I followed the manned space program through the 1960’s with great enthusiasm and watched the moon landing of Apollo 11 live on a black and white television in 1969. At the time we were inundated with breathless descriptions of the Saturn V launch vehicle in terms of its size. Big, huge and colossal were some of the adjectives. Eventually I got to see the Saturn V rocket lying on its side on static display at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, TX. The first stage engines were quite impressive. Yes, the rocket was (is) pretty big, but it was still small enough to be on the human scale. It’s not that I was disappointed- I wasn’t. But it was a smaller kind of behemoth than I had imagined.
As I grew older I became a Trekkie and watched the reruns and new series religiously. I began to believe in “The Federation” as a model of civilization could be a viable thing us, except for transporters, phasors and warp speed. Flying lessons and a steady diet of sci-fi novels kept my mind on space.
Today I am still interested in all sorts of aerospace technology. Except one. That would be Elon Musk’s plan to settle Mars. It is hard to doubt his sincerity in wanting to do it and SpaceX is making progress in that direction. There are many good reasons for a manned Mars landing and exploration. But, permanent settlement is a very different matter. I’m thinking primarily about mining, metallurgy and agriculture.
A rock is defined as an aggregation of different minerals. Mars has rocks and therefore minerals. No doubt the periodic table is well represented there. On earth there are mechanisms at work that, over long time periods, serve to concentrate many metals. And by concentrate I mean going from average terrestrial abundance to levels that are high enough to economically recover. Hydrothermal fluids, i.e., hot, pressurized water saturated with minerals, that eventually deposit and fill faults (vein formation) in the crust with concentrated deposits. Over time the veins are exposed at the surface and become accessible. This is a very important mechanism for the formation of viable ore deposits of many metals.
Even the very best ore deposits on earth require large amounts of electricity, diesel, and water to concentrate the ore to where smaller scale processes can isolate the metal. Ball milling, extraction, flotation and electrowinning of ore concentrates is needed for efficient recovery and is essential for recovering many metals. Other metals like the platinum group metals precipitate from within a cooling magma formation and settle into narrow layers of enriched rock.
My point is that mining is a tough job in earth with all the supplies you need. That won’t be true on Mars. Production of metal articles from Martian metals will be a tough nut to crack. Shipping of essentials to Mars will be needed for a very long time.
