The Hapless Mr. Bush, Prince of the Whig Party.

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The rhyme of history is ringing in my ears. An obscure, slender figure (sans stove pipe hat) has arrived from Illinois amidst the shattered remains of the Whig party.  Alright, that’s an exaggeration.

Our do-nothing, know-nothing warrier prince is nowhere to be seen. The Republican Paradigm, under the leadership of its very own cartoon character- Dubya- has had the misfortune of leaving its greasy fingerprints all over the collapsing financial system. And it’s not just politicians who have left their grubby smudges all over the shards of Grandma’s bone china. It includes the rank & file junior plutocrat-wannabe’s and MBA greedheads under the cloak of the GOP who have gamed the system with zero regard for its stability.

The great benefit of Laissez Faire as a moral philosophy is that one is excused from moral culpability. Nobody expects you to behave honorably because morality is orthogonal to the market. There is no overlap. You are expected to be self-centered and greed is just the normal operating condition. It’s all good, baby.

Mr Bush has not stepped forward to offer advice or reassurance to the citizenry. Bush is brave when he can order the Army to march in somewhere. But if the problem involves math, lookout.   And where is Mr Rove, Bush’s brain? I suppose he is absent because he is a specialist in election, not governance. He just delivers these disasters to the Whitehouse. He evidently holds little or no indemnity for his work.

Instead, this ideological weasel, this scoundrel-in-chief, is hunkered down out of sight during the election so as to avoid contaminating McCain/Palin with the foetid stink of GOP incompetence.

The framers of the constitution apparently never anticipated that the republic could be run aground by a frat-boy imbecile egged on by a pack of greedy, morally vacuous, shady characters from the military-industrial-finance-fundamentalist “sector”. 

The US constitution needs a provision for mid-term ejection of incompetent fools.

LoC Readers Predict 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry!

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Two reader/commenters who contribute sage commentary to this blog have predicted the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry– Jordan and Hap. Both predicted that Roger Tsien should or would win. Well done!

Naturally, Th’ Gaussling allowed his clairvoyance to be fogged over by sappy sentimentality for the (n+1)th time. My hat is off to these two savants and their predictve powers.

Oh yes, congratulations are in order for the 3 prize winners as well- Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, and Roger Tsien. Golly, we can’t forget them.

Continuous Synthesis

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One of my great enthusiasms is the topic of small scale continuous synthesis. There has been some new thinking in this area recently. I don’t mean the use of robots to move material around- I mean continuous flow reactions. Our refinery friends have been doing this for a long time. It’s the reason gasoline isn’t $25/gallon. 

Many, if not most, supplies of bulk raw materials come from continuous process equipment. The economies of large scale may require custom reaction equipment dedicated to a given product. The problem for small scale production is the cost of custom designed equipmet is often large compared to the value of the production run. It is usually best to develop processes to operate in conventional, off-the-shelf pots & pans.

The availability of stirred tank reactors and their ease of use for small scale production has dominated the mode of specialty chemical process technology to the present day. Generations of chemists and engineers in fine and specialty chemicals know nothing other than batch reactor chemistry.

Easy, inexpensive continuous processing isn’t automaticaly suitable for every process. Transformations that are suitable for continuous flow processing may still be disqualitied by virtue of upstream or downstream processes that feed from or into transformations that must be done batchwise. There is the question of feed rates to and from the continuous transformative step and the extent to which non-continuous operations are compatible.

But back to basics. Why have continuous synthesizers at all in the small scale?  Why not just run the semi-batch process as may times as you need at the largest scale possible? Well, there is no reason not to. This is a tried and true business plan.  But what small scale continuous processing allows is the possibility of multiple parallel operations run by fewer staff. At the small scale, batch chemical production typically has a larger labor component than bulk or commodity scale production. Improvements to small scale process economics rests to a large extent on reducing the labor cost contribution.

By it’s nature, continuous processing is an intensified activity. The idea is to construct a minimum reactive volume and flow materials through the reaction or processing zone under intensified conditions for as short of a residence time as possible. At any given moment, there is a minimum mass of hazardous materials undergoing a potentially hazardous transformation. Or, intensification may mean the use of smaller ancillary equipment continuously, as in the case of continuous filtration vs batch filtration.

There are those who are making progress in this field. Recently I ran into a number of websites and files of Ashe Morris in the UK. These folks are operating a productive engine of development in regard to reactor design and innovative process chemistry improvemets. They have focused on process efficency and intensification. The question is, what shape will the IP take? Will users pay a royalty on their production or will it be limited to the purchase cost ofthe equipmet. How they do this will make all of the difference to the extent and rate of acceptance in the market.

Nobel Prize Buzz

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It’s that time again. Time for the buzz to start about who gets a trip to Stockholm.  My favorites, in no particular order, are- Bergman, Grey, Whitesides, Kagan, and Mislow. It is a pity that Al Cotton passed on before taking his ride to Sweden.

Naturally, my guess will be wildly off-base owing to my complete ignorance of some seminal work on nano, bio, metalloenzymatic, mRNA, photolabile, surface active, quantum tunneling, neutron activated, antiviral, ionic liquid, quasi-xtal work that has been thrumming along in the basement of Princeton university since Ike was president and known only to 8 people.

Yves Rossi’s Flying Wing

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This is one of the better videos showing details of the technology. I wonder what the stall speed of this thing is. It would be interesting to see what airspeed or pitch attitude limitations he might have when he releases his ‘chute.

The fellows in the second video are experimenting with a different configuration. I suspect they will eventually rediscover the phenomenon of flutter if pitch divergence doesn’t get them first.

Thermal Decomposition of Sucrose in Nitrogen Atmosphere

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Below is a thermogravimetric (TG) scan of commercial grade sucrose. Over the course of the experiment, the compound is quite stable to decomposition to the gas phase under N2 up to the onset temperature of ~226 C. This is indicated by the constant temperature line leading up to the onset.  Above 226 C it begins to evolve gas or aerosols.

The furnace temperature ramp is 10 C/minute, the purge gas is nitrogen, and the crucible is platinum. The software that presents the data determines an onset and offset temperature by intersecting lines extending from the slopes of the lines at points chosen by the operator. In this way, the computer “squares” the broad curves and reports a temperature at that point.

Not shown is the % mass loss; from ambient to 500 C the sample lost 78.55 %. The slope of the curve from the onset to offset temperature is 0.69 %/deg C. Multiplying by 10 deg C/min, the cook off rate is 6.9 wt %  per minute in the temperature ramp. An isothermal run could be performed to look at behaviour under constant temperature.

The value of information presented by this analysis is somewhat limited to the relevance of conditions in the crucible. TGA can be a big help in determining the onset and extent of dehydration or other decomposition transformations. It can easily detect the ability of a material to sublime as well.  And, it can provide information to process chemists and engineers regarding certain aspects of temperature stability and thermal safety.

 

Fire Extinguisher Training

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Everyone should have a chance to use a fire extinguisher on a real fire. The trouble with this idea is that the annual discharge of fire extinguishers is expensive, training fires can be problematic, and the discharge from the extinguishers can leave a big mess.

I had the chance recently to undergo annual training with a new controlled fire training system made by BullEx. I’ll admit to being skeptical at first. It seemed awfully contrived and … safe. But watching the tenderfoot office staff line up with their backup buddies to use pressurized water to put down a controlled and “adjustable” fire, I finally came around and had to agree that the system has considerable merit. For us, the system pays for itself in 1 year of training in terms of retiring dry chemical recharge costs.

Most would agree that a fire extinguisher is fairly simple to use. What seems to be the hard part for many is overcoming the uncertainty about whether they should use the extinguisher and under what circumstances. While the simulator does not produce smoke, obnoxious fumes, and there is no dust cloud from a dry chemical extinguisher discharge, the system does a good job of building confidence in people who may be a bit timid.

US Mint Suspends Sales of Gold Coins

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Reports have been circulating that the US Mint has suspended the sales of gold coins. The mint has been experiencing unprecedented demand for gold and silver coins. A short list of favored dealers has been drawn up for distribution of the limited supply.

What is curious about this is that the US Mint has “suspended” sales rather than simply announcing that it has a backlog. Only the govenrment would respond to demand in this way. I understand that minting gold coins is not nearly as automated and fast as base metal coins. But by their manner of responding to the demand, they can only accelerate the rise in price for these coins.

I have captured a snapshot of PGM pricing from the BASF EIB website. I hope BASF isn’t too hacked off.

The Canadian Maple and South African Krugerrand gold coins are available, as far as I can tell from internet sources.

Of interest to the catalyst world is the falling price of Palladium. The chart below is scaled to show the price of bullion for the last 12 months. This is surely a kind of economic indicator affording a clue as to the vitality of some particular and narrow market sector.

I wonder where the opportunities are in this difficult time? Now is a good time to keep your head on a swivel for unique opportunity.