Author Archives: gaussling

About gaussling

Gaussling is a senior scientist in the chemical business. He occasionally breaks glassware, spreads confusion and has been known to generate new forms of hazardous waste. Gaussling also digs aerospace, geology, and community theatre.

American Experiment Goes Rogue, Updated

Much as I would like to indulge in witty and ironic commentary about the results of the 2016 general election, it would be yet another steaming load of pathetic word paste gumming up the internet. There are no words or sentences you could construct that would make a meaningful difference in the direction our wobbling American culture seems headed for.

I’m left with the conclusion that only civil disobedience can disrupt the unholy congress of corporate media, banking, energy and the foetid red-light district of governmental-industrial conjugation. After all, aren’t the B-school gurus always going on about disruption? It’s good, right?

Enormous corporations, it seems, no longer have need of our democratic republic. Fortunes are stashed abroad, sheltered in tax havens lest a slice finds its way into public kitty. Corporations benefit from the use of American infrastructure- you know, public education, Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard, Border Patrol, FBI, FDA, NIH, NASA, NSF, public highways, airways, NOAA, etc., etc. Deregulation is creeping forward. We live in a period of reconstruction. Neoliberal doctrines are taking hold in state and federal government.

America has become a big barrel of fish, stunned by the high voltage of short life-cycle consumer goods and ever spiraling planned obsolescence. Neoliberalism seeks to help businesses harvest these fish. We relent and become increasingly compliant with the tightening harness of ever advancing complexity and the cloying whispers of big data and AI.

Neoliberalism has hoped for this moment for decades when a character like Trump and both houses of congress filled with MAGA Republicans take control the government. Project 2025 is a grocery list of desired policy reforms the bastards have been wanting forever. Like the quivering desire of a lusty 18-year-old, capitalism knows only one thing- that it wants more. Always more and in bigger gulps. The acceleration of dollars over time squared must be greater than zero in perpetuity. Our brains soon grow tired of static luxury and comfort. Satisfaction is only transient.

The invisible hand of the market, we’re told, will surely trickle down a baptism of unexpected benefits to the masses, if only the rotten buggers would let the acquisitive 1 % have their way. After all, if your taxes are lower, the first thing a business owner will do is to add hirelings. Right? Wrong. The extra profits will be socked away. Why hire people if demand is level but taxes drop? This libertarian dream was fomented in the early Reagan years as supply-side economics postulated by economist Arthur Laffer and his famous curve.

In the inflationary period we are just coming out of, why not raise your prices 25 % even though your costs have only risen 10 %? If other companies are raising their prices, raise yours by a like percentage to match. Your price increase may be taken by customers as part of the wide-spread inflation. After all, price is what the customer is willing to pay, right? If they are accustomed to inflation elsewhere, maybe they will just pay your new price, bogus as it may be.

The gospel of laissez-faire is practically physics if you listen to the economists and B-school graduates. A force of nature both inevitable and irreducible. Capitalism is fine if you have capital to use. If your capital is your own stoop labor or assembly work, then maybe it isn’t such a great thing.

Taking to the streets is a form of persuasion that has rewarded many movements here and abroad. In thermodynamics, power is the rate at which work is done through the transfer of energy. Anthropological power lies in the ability to allocate and focus resources on a need or desire. Money is power because for a price, you can persuade someone to get most anything done. There is no shortage of those who would step up to the challenge or sell their souls or accept any spiritual disfigurement for the hefty jingle of lucre in their pockets.

Electronic news broadcasting is to a large extent a freak show. The whole news industry exists because of our irresistible primate compulsion to stand and stare. A key element of a good story is conflict. Look at any movie. The writers take a sympathetic character and do terrible things to them. There is a chase, violence, intrigue and reconciliation with a twisty ending in three acts. Sound familiar? TV is constructed to do this and they are good at it. And it sells. Watch Chomsky’s Manufacturing Consent.

Civil disobedience, as opposed to mere picketing, makes meaty footage because there is the possibility of imminent violent conflict. It is compelling. As an exercise in power, though, immediate resolution rarely happens. The power aspect comes to play when and if establishment politicians are forced to face reelection. Often establishment authority is refractory to public scrutiny. But when voter support disappears, it can fold like a lawn chair.

To overcome Trump we must put together compelling footage for broadcast.

Pride and Shame

Having been born, educated and now nearing retirement from a scientific career in the USA, there are things about this country I am proud of and things that I’m ashamed of. I take ‘pride’ to mean that ‘I value my association with’. I take ‘shame’ to mean my negative reaction to and regret with certain instances of moral turpitude.

What shame I may have in my country’s actions and policies over time isn’t necessarily due to uniquely American traits. We’re humans after all with all of the pluses and minuses that go with it. However, the pluses and minuses in conjunction with our burgeoning economic power over time and the rich natural resources we hold allow us to impose our will with in-house treasure. Conveniently, we don’t have to invade another country for oil or iron ore to drive our industry. However, our lust for cheap oil & gas has led to considerable trouble.

American Pride

I’m proud of the founders who disconnected from Great Britain despite the sacrifices in blood and treasure during the late 18th century and founded this unique republic. While the founders wisely developed a founding document to avoid the problems of monarchy and establish a functioning republic, there were significant omissions such as banning slavery or establishing equal rights for women.

I’m proud of our steady progress in all of the various technologies that have removed the sharp edges from what nature has historically imposed on us: Disease, predation, high infant mortality, brief lifespans and primitive life. In many ways the march of technological advancement has been a benefit to all of us and the rest of the world as well.

I’m proud of the advancement of women, albeit too slow, in our civilization. The march forward is not nearly finished, but to have advanced women from chattel to some level of equality is a plus.

I’m proud of our country for the advancements made towards global peace and prosperity since WWII. The years of our liberal democracy since then are unmatched in history.

I’m proud of the positive global interventions for peace we’ve made since the start of WWI.

I’m proud that my country has been a prominent global influence for peace and justice.

I’m proud of my country’s positive moral actions toward feeding the hungry and spreading medical care.

I’m proud of our periods of military restraint and our caution with nuclear weapons after having once used them.

I’m proud of America’s role in restraining Chinese, Japanese, Russian and Soviet imperialism.

American Shame

I am ashamed of our part in the worldwide patriarchy and the lethargic progress towards equal rights for women.

I am ashamed of the horrors that befell the Native Americans throughout the American settlement of North America. The murderous expansion by fortune-seekers and land-grabbers across the continent and the penury and ten thousand privations forced on them is inexcusable and remains a bloody disfigurement on the American character.

I am ashamed of our part in the slavery industry in the Americas and the number of people who had to die in a bloody civil war to end it.

I am ashamed of my country’s covert meddling into the affairs of other nations as in Southeast Asia, South and Central America, Cuba and elsewhere.

I am ashamed of the many wars and conflicts we have participated in over absolutist ideologies and the deep senselessness of our political parties.

I am ashamed of our enthusiastic part in the development of nuclear weapons and our perverse cleverness in optimizing their design.

I am ashamed of the influence of capitalism on internal and foreign policy and the greedy idolatry it brings.

I am ashamed of the neoliberal right turn the country is presently taking and the acceptance of autocratic enthusiasm asserted therein.

I am ashamed of America’s reelection of a felonious man of low moral character and proven dishonesty and especially the large-scale support he enjoys among voters.

Decapitation of the American Federal Government is Underway

Trump and his MAGA followers are now preparing to decapitate the government of the USA. It is outlined in the Project 2025 document put together by the Heritage Foundation. The overall goal is to increase presidential power and set in place an ultra-conservative government. Part of that plan is populating the federal bureaucracy with politically reliable conservatives in addition to appointments. This is a kind of political ballast designed to keep the GOP takeover sailing along in an upright posture.

I say ‘decapitation’ because our present liberal democracy is in danger of disassembly by the wild-eyed MAGA version of the GOP. Below I have copied a definition verbatim from Wikipedia of a description of ‘Liberal Democracy’. The links were left intact for your convenience.

What is set to happen to the federal government is something that until now has only been dreamt of by libertarian-minded citizens. To complicate matters, very early in the Reagan administration the Moral Majority took up the cause of libertarian republicanism but added its own flavor of supernatural (read protestant) favoritism. Yes, it seems that the invisible Celestial Being had been watching American politics very closely and became alarmed enough to place Jerry Falwell as his earthly avatar. Now the GOP is backed by Jesus himself. What a credential.

I’ve always felt that Trump was best suited to be an after-dinner speaker, which, I’m sure he has done many times. He is an excellent speaker and carries the gravitas of a billionaire TV star. He was the golden boy of NYC until, well, you had a closer look.

Many are saying now that Trump is pulling his cabinet from his junk drawer of supporters. His latest nomination is former WWE CEO and billionaire donor Linda McMahon for the position of Secretary of Education. If you’re wondering what WWE is, it is World Wrestling Entertainment and it turns out that Trump was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2013. His history with WWE goes back to WrestleMania IV in 1988. That said, I’m confident that he has never been pinned to the floor while wrestling. Trump comes from the TV entertainment business and well knows the power of celebrity.

McMahon has no evident credentials for any cabinet post in DC, as if that mattered. She’ll just be one of the many lackeys in the obedient wrecking crew in place to decapitate the federal government. She comes from the TV wrestling business which, as we all know, is not so much a sport as a burlesque.

Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., is Trump’s pick to head ___. He seems to be a genuine crackpot with righteous ancestry. During COVID-19 he gained notoriety for his anti-vaccination stance. He was no friend of trump in 2016 either. He was captured on tape saying, while quoting Taibbi’s writing, “‘We may not have that many outright Nazis in America, but we have plenty of cowards and bootlickers, and once those fleshy dominoes start tumbling into the Trump camp, the game is up.” Fleshy dominoes. Love it.

Dr. Mehmet Oz is Trump’s pick to head the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The former surgeon and TV show host got his start appearing with Oprah, eventually peeling off to a show of his own. He comes from the TV entertainment business. His choices and public exposure has led to scandal.

Donald Trump on Monday nominated former MTV “Real World” contestant and current Fox News host Sean Duffy as Transportation Secretary. He comes from the TV entertainment business- Fox News.

Pete Hegseth of Fox News is Trump’s nominee to lead the Department of Defense. Many of us didn’t know that the Secretary of Defense was an entry level position- all these days I’ve been aiming too low. He comes from the TV entertainment business and the House of Representatives.

And perhaps the most ridiculous lackey nomination of all is Matt Gaetz as Trump’s choice for Attorney General, the chief law enforcement official. I can’t bear to think about it. Heavy sigh.

Good news- Gaetz removed himself from consideration for Trump’s AG. He has been replaced with former Florida AG and Trump loyalist Pam Bondi.

Tedium

Another day of grinding tedium at work. I’m rattling around in the ever-diminishing operating space of EPA regulatory compliance, bouncing off the statutory walls. Between myself, an industrial organic chemist, and a regulatory toxicologist we attempt to convince EPA that no, we will not be splashing new chemical substances (NCS) over workers and the environment. We are legally bound to be truthful and disclose any and all tox data there might be on an NCS. We have the full support of a very safety-oriented management. Our business practice and mission statement mandates that we be in compliance. We are strictly business-to-business and not a single thing goes directly to consumers or is meant to be strewn about in the environment. Everything we make is meant to have a temporary existence. Every single bit of chemical waste goes off-site to incineration.

EPA levies fines that are based on a per day, per violation basis. This can rack up the cost of an incident to a company dramatically. Civil action fines can be up to $37,500 per day per violation to a maximum of $295,000 for a Clean Air Act violation. And, even if they cannot pin a specific violation on you, there is still the General Duty clause (same as with OSHA). Companies commonly lawyer-up when dealing with EPA (and OSHA) on a violation matter because not only are there the CFRs, but case law as well to understand. Only a fool does not bring in a specialist lawyer.

All this being said, the folks who review our applications for commercial production are deeply skeptical about everything and require evidence of claims. They are statutorily obligated to approve commercial production only if there is no “unreasonable risk” to workers, the public or the environment. EPA’s use of unreasonable risk substantially relies on numerical data. In the case of missing data, they use computer models to estimate exposure if there are analogs. The human health group uses the exposure data to guide them through the maze of health effects possible.

One thing I have learned from my toxicologist colleague is that health effects that I thought were easily described as “irritant” or “corrosive” are actually full of subclassifications. It’s not enough to say on the Safety Data Sheet not to breathe it or get it on you. There are categories of hazard that matter and must be ascertained by testing.

The upshot is that EPA takes exposure to new chemical substances very seriously and does their best to protect everyone and the environment from unreasonable risk. The “trick” to getting them to approve the commercial manufacture of an NCS is to have proper engineering controls in place, industrial hygiene data, appropriate PPE and compliant waste management. OSHA defines proper engineering as being Recognized And Generally Accepted Good Engineering Practices–RAGAGEP. This should be followed anyway, irrespective of regulatory compliance.

EPA has been accumulating public comment on its impending ruling on the phaseout of methylene chloride (dichloromethane, DCM, CH2Cl2). This might lump together fine chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing with paint stripping and degreasing.

Machismo and Violence

The present situation is one whereby a large swath of the population, including K-12 students, are being exposed to an increased risk of bloody, violent death sustained by those who fetishize firearms. Whatever you may think of the 2nd Amendment to the US Constitution, the fact is that we are prioritizing an originalist interpretation over the lives of school children. We are allowing children to be sacrificed on the alter of the 2nd Amendment in order to satisfy people who idolize the idea of boundless access to metal tubes that discharge high energy bits of metal. We are not officially at war defending our borders in the US nor are we on the verge of a civil war. By far, most guns are not used to hunt. Most Americans lead peaceful lives in their neighborhoods without the need to shoot at people.

The very notion that the US government is going to wrench guns away from citizens in one of the most heavily armed democratic countries in the world is the fever dream of a fool. Any full-scale attempt to do this would lead to armed rebellion and the collapse of the USA as a democratic republic. Widespread gun confiscation is not politically feasible today or in the foreseeable future.

We must tone down and be less tolerant of the image of inflated machismo that guns confer to their users. Both in real life and in entertainment, gunplay is used to resolve conflict. By far, most gun owners do not commit violent acts with their guns. While they should not be penalized for the crimes committed by others, accepted mechanisms like driver’s and pilot’s licenses are a form of limitation and standardization that could be applied to access to firearms. But this reliably produces hysteria among the armed public. Like everything else in society, a few people have to ruin it for the rest of us.

The basic utility of a gun is to deliver crippling or fatal kinetic energy, or the threat of it, from a safe distance. The need for guns for peacekeeping use will last as long as there is dangerous criminality. What the US is presently suffering from is the use of rapid-fire, high-energy projectiles from guns designed to hit as many targets as possible in the shortest time. Man killers.

Sidebar

I took the hunter’s safety course sponsored by the NRA at the age of 9. The truth is that firing a gun is both fun and stimulating. I recall stealthily walking along a muddy creek in the Iowa countryside with a bolt action 0.22 caliber rifle desperately looking for some reason the fire the gun. I spotted fish, turtles and birds but something held me back from shooting at them except for once a few years later. With a BB gun I shot a sparrow perched on a small twig of an elm tree. The bird rotated backwards, still gripping the twig, and hung upside down for a minute or two. Then it released and dropped into an irrigation ditch with a small splash.

I was immediately gripped with regret and sorrow for what I had just done. I had just killed a random sparrow for utterly no reason than to see what happens. Even as a teenager I could see that this was a senseless action. I am sorry for killing the sparrow to this very day and, except for a few mice and bugs, I have never killed wildlife since.

Back to the essay

The point of the story above is that, for me, being in possession of a firearm could sometimes produce a strong urge to fire it. I’m confident that there are others who have felt the same way. The healthy release is to do target practice. Some people enjoy hunting. I do not indulge in this because I prefer the flavor of beef, pork and fish which, conveniently, are already butchered.

Male characteristics can have both good and bad attributes. A measure of focused male aggressiveness, ambition and territoriality can be beneficial for the wellbeing of loved ones and the community. Brute strength can be quite useful in providing for a family. Male rage, however, can be very destructive wherever it is directed, as we all know. A firearm or other weapon is a force multiplier for a raging male. Recent mass killings prove the point. Firearms provide the ability to kill or wound from a safe distance and the value of this is lost on no one.

It is hard to imagine that some restraint in the use of firearms without addressing the cultural and natural phenomenon of male aggression can be successful. We are saturated with violence in entertainment, on the streets and in the news. As long as we seek entertainment violence, show business will anxiously provide it.

I’m neither a Quaker nor a pacifist but I do admire their sincere dedication to non-violence. We need many early adopters of non-violence with considerable social standing and a non-violence vibe across the whole country. Destructive male behavior can be tamed to a great extent, but it has to start early and be immersed in non-violent surroundings. Where is the sign that Americans can summon the discipline to do it. I’m not seeing it.

Lamentations on Science Infotainment Rev 2.

Note: This post appeared May 15, 2007, as “Infotainment, Chemistry, and Apostasy“. I have pulled it up through the mists of time for another go and with a few edits.

In the normal course of things I used to give school chemistry talks or demonstrations a couple of times per year and until recently, I had been giving star talks at a local observatory more frequently.  The demographic is typically K-12, with most of the audience being grades 3-8.  From my grad student days through my time in the saddle as a prof, I was deeply committed to spreading the gospel of orbitals, electronegativity, and the periodic table. I was convinced that it was important for everyone to have an appreciation of the chemical sciences.  I was a purist who knew in his bones that if only more people were “scientific”, if greater numbers of citizens had a more mechanistic understanding of the intermeshing great world systems, the world could somehow be a better place. 

In regard to this ideology that everyone should know something about chemistry, I now fear that I am apostate.  I’m a former believer.  What has changed is an updated viewpoint based on experience.  

Let me make clear what science is not. It is not a massive ivory tower that is jealously guarded ajd intended to be impenetrable by mortal folk. Big science requires big funding and organizational support, so big administrative structure forms around it. At its core, science is concerned with learning how the universe works by observation, constructing a good first guess (theory) on what is happening, measurement (conducting quantitative experiments), analysis (quantitative thinking), documentation and communication. The common understanding is that a scientist is someone who has been educated and employed to do these activities. However, anyone who conducts a study of how some phenomenon happens is doing science whether for pay or not.

What science has learned is that the universe is quite mechanistic in how it works. So much so that it can be described by or represented with math. At the fundamental level of ions, atoms and molecules, constraints exist on how systems can interact and how energy is transferred around. At the nanometer-scale, quantum mechanical theory has provided structure to the submicroscopic universe.

Chemical knowledge is highly “vertical” in its structure.  Students take foundational coursework as a prerequisite for higher level classes.  Many of the deeper insights require a good bit of background, so we start at the conceptual trailhead and work our way into the forest. But in our effort to reach out to the public, or in our effort to protect a student’s self-esteem, we compress the vertical structure into a kind of conceptual pancake.  True learning, the kind that changes your approach to life, requires Struggle.

What I found in my public outreach talks on science- chemistry or astronomy- was the public’s expectation of entertainment. Some call it “Infotainment”.  I am all in favor of presentations that are compelling, entertaining, and informative.  But in our haste to avoid boredom, we may oversimplify or skip fascinating phenomena altogether. After all, we want people to walk out the door afterwards wanting more. We want science to be accessible to everyone, but without all the study.

But I would argue that this is the wrong approach to science.  Yes, we want to answer questions.  But the better trick is to pose good questions.  The best questions lead to the best answers. People (or students) should walk out the door afterwards scratching their heads with more questions.  Science properly introduced, should cause people to start their own journey of discovery. Ideally, we want to jump-start students to follow their curiosity and integrate concepts into their thinking, not just compile a larger collection of fun facts. 

But here is the rub. A lot of folks just aren’t very curious, generally.  As they sit there in the audience, the presentation washes over them like some episode of “Friends”.  I suspect that a lack of interest in science is often just part of a larger lack of interest in novelty.  It is the lack of willingness to struggle with difficult concepts.  But that is OK.  Not everyone has to be interested in science.

Am I against public outreach efforts in science?  Absolutely not.  But the expectation that everyone will respond positively to the wonders of the universe is faulty.  It is an unrealistic expectation on the 80 % [a guess] of other students who have no interest in it. I’m always anxious to help those who are interested.  It’s critical that students interested in science find a mentor or access to opportunity.  But, please God, spare me from that bus load of 7th graders on a field trip. 

What we need more than flashier PowerPoint presentations or a more compelling software experience is lab experience.  Students need the opportunity to use their hands beyond mere tapping on keyboards- they need to fabricate or synthesize. You know, build or measure stuff. 

It is getting more difficult for kids to go into the garage and build things or tear things apart.  Electronic devices across the board are increasingly single component microelectronics.  It is ever harder to tear apart some kind of widget and figure out how it works.  When you manage to crack open the case what you find is some kind of green circuit board festooned with tiny components. 

And speaking of electronics or electricity, I find it odd that in a time when electric devices have long been everywhere in our lives, that so FEW people know even the first thing about electricity. I instruct an electrostatic safety class in industry and have discovered that so very, very few people have been exposed to the basics of electricity by graduation. I spend most of the course time covering elementary electrostatic concepts along with the fire triangle so the adult learners can hopefully recognize novel situations where static electric discharge can be expected. Of course, we engineer away electrostatic discharge hazards to the greatest extent possible. But if there is a hole, somebody will step in it. It’s best they recognize it before stepping into it.

The widespread educational emphasis on information technology rather than mechanical skills ignores the fact that most learners still need to handle things. There is a big, big world beyond the screen. A person will take advantage of their mechanical skills throughout their life, not just at work. Hands on experience is invaluable, in this case with electricity. Computer skills can almost always be acquired quickly. But understanding mechanical, electrical and chemical systems need hands-on experience.

Next Up, the New American Idiocracy

Woke up to the worst news this morning. Trump has been reelected. To the international community I express my sorrow that for the second time, Trump has been elected President of the USA. There is nothing new to say about the guy that hasn’t already been said thousands of times.

But it gets worse. Trump’s Vice President is his ward, the inexperienced JD Vance, soon to be the former 2022 Senator from Ohio. Vance, contradicting his 2016 opposition to the now 78-year-old Trump, is only a few heart beats away from the Presidency. Setting aside for a moment how he might conduct the presidency, he would also be the leader or at least figurehead of the entire GOP political machine. Do we really think that a greenhorn like Vance would actually set the GOP agenda himself?

It is a given that Russia and previously the USSR has been conducting hybrid warfare in the West long before and during this election. Because of the asymmetric power balance between the West and Russia, Putin will be compelled to continue his deliberate corrosion of Western civilization long afterwards.

It is hard not to feel bad for Ukraine. They were watching our election closely. They understand that the election of Trump puts US spending for their defense in serious doubt. Not only could the money and weapons dry up, but Putin will be emboldened to continue his extermination of everything Ukrainian. Trump’s expressed lack of enthusiasm for NATO will certainly weaken its defensive posture in holding Putin east of present borders. Putin wants to take back what territory the collapse of the Soviet Union lost. That includes all of the now independent countries formerly part of the Soviet bloc. He is empire building and his boldness must be met with equal boldness in opposition.

There are serious repercussions in front of the free world because of this election. Withdrawal of American influence from any given acre or hectare in the world will create a vacuum soon to be occupied by someone, sometimes enemies of the West, namely China and Russia. They are playing the long game.

It is difficult for the USA to play the long game in international affairs due to the frequent transfers of power in the government. Policies puff up and soon collapse. It is difficult for other nations of the world to synchronize with this. Our frequent changes in administration and policy works against us when more patient but hostile nations encroach. It keeps everyone off-balance.

I think many Americans believe that the USA can continue to ride on past achievements and goodwill and that no one will notice. All free nations have to wake up every day and prove themselves anew.

One of the complaints about liberal democracy is that it lacks order and stability. Both China and Russia have stated this openly. President Viktor Orbán of Hungary is fond of referring to his reforms as part of a greater illiberal democracy. One definition of illiberal democracy is “nondemocratic practices behind formally democratic institutions and procedures”. This is just the larval form of authoritarianism.

Of course, liberal democracy is noisy and somewhat disordered. This is the nature of free people. The free exchange of ideas is called brainstorming. At some point time runs out and a consensus is taken and acted upon. Yesterday the national consensus was that Trump/Vance will win the Whitehouse. If the dimmer side of the bell curve votes in larger numbers, then they win. And that is that.

SOS. A Letter to the International Community

To friends in democratic states around the world. As you watch America’s clumsy slouch into an authoritarian/fascist state in real time, take heed. Level-headed Americans are astonished at the ease with which one insane populist has misled a venerable political party to mutate and turn against the foundational principles of our republic. The US has struggled to conduct a capitalistic democratic republic for 250 years. There have been many rough spots since our founding, some reprehensible. What is happening today is the decapitation of a powerful liberal democracy. The USA has been a prolonged experiment in mostly democratic governance where, in principle at least, today the leadership is elected fairly by all the people, not just property-owning white men.

The USA will be the only nation choosing fascism during a period of economic growth, abundant oil & gas and relative peace. Other nations in the world are battling but the US has no combat troops deployed to fight.

Lest anyone think that the MAGA movement was built from the urging of Trump alone, be aware that there has been a population of angry and disenfranchised white Americans for a very long time. Trump was just the seed crystal around which a concentrated population of teabaggers and other white Americans has crystallized. They have somehow been left behind on the road to a modern, prosperous future. If there was an actual trickle down of wealth that Ronald Reagan promised in the 1980’s, they were left high and dry.

We are witnessing a gradual overthrow by a party led by a man who is well understood to be a serial liar and a shameless, malignant narcissist who, in desperation for power and vengeance, will stop at nothing to take control of the USA. There is a word for what is happening- Lawfare, “the use of law as a means of accomplishing what might otherwise require the application of traditional military force“. This was popularized by Major General Charles Dunlap, USAF.

Trump’s immediate goal is getting even with his enemies. If that weren’t bad enough, he is firmly supported by loyal one third of the electorate. Many other Republicans cannot bring themselves to vote for a democrat for various reasons. The rabid supporters are known as MAGA- Make America Great Again– Republicans. These people see Trump as the key to America’s glorious future, but too intoxicated with revolutionary fervor to see Trump for what he really is- a grasping neofascist.

The 20th century was blighted with fascist dictatorships and even fascist organizations within liberal democracies, particularly in the 1920’s, 30’s and 40’s. A partial list can be found here. For some reason, the USSR has been omitted from this list. Today, the latest Russian dictator stands out in his attempt to resurrect the power and reach of the Soviet Union, and he must be stopped.

The origins of conservative and libertarian outrage against American progressivism traces back more than a century, even before the era of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal in the mid 1930s. By the end of the 1800’s, political machines and business monopolies were firmly rooted in the landscape of America. The rising middle class eventually overcame much of this through politics.

Some put the American Progressive Era as between 1896 and 1917. Before this period the US was beset with urban poverty, child labor, Victorian era patriarchy, long working hours and unsafe working conditions. Note to MAGAs, was this when America was great??

The New Deal was a series of public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1938, aimed at rescuing the U.S. from the Great Depression.

The 20th century witnessed the United States grappling with a severe depression starting in 1929 which spread worldwide. Later, the US reluctantly engaged in World War II with other allied powers combating Nazi forces in Europe, Africa, and Japanese imperialism in the Pacific. Upon discovering Hitler’s nuclear ambitions, the US, with vital assistance from British and European scientists, developed nuclear weapons using isolated domestic uranium-235 and the synthetic element plutonium-239. Fortunately, the Allied forces managed to defeat the Nazis in Europe in 1945 before the necessity of releasing a nuclear weapon there. By August 9th of that year, Japan was defeated and the war ended. Sadly, it received two atomic blasts.

The US came away from the World War II period full of itself and bursting with optimism. Technologies that were spawned by the war like radar, jet engines, high performance aircraft, industrial production of every kind and a can-do spirit led to a boom in single family homes, babies, and consumerism. By the late 1940’s, television was well along the way and behind it, computers, and new designs in automobiles. Americans were puffed up and excited about modern life while much of Europe and Japan were still cleaning up after the massive devastation caused by the war. The remoteness of North America and its seemingly inexhaustible natural resources left it almost untouched by the war.

Reaganomics. Source: Wikipedia.

By the Reagan years in the early 1980s, religious conservative and libertarian groups were organizing and linking up to form what would become a powerful political machine. This conservative, evangelical Christian Zionist nationalism group has methodically wound itself up and this very day proposes to make the USA into a theocratic state. They have money and fanatical adherents willing to risk a civil war for their faith. They will support the state of Israel to the extent that it makes way for the second coming of Christ. This is the core of Protestant Evangelical Christian eschatology. Like all religious warriers, they believe they are fulfilling God’s very own plan. I think the 21st century is going to be difficult.

Many of us think this would be laughable bullshit if it weren’t so serious. To grease the skids of their feared ‘apocalypse’ involving a final battle in Israel, they see Trump as one who could aid the beginning of this nightmare. To their credit, many confess they will have to hold their noses while voting for him. An apocalypse of sorts may happen, but it is more likely to be of the usual unholy variety.

In eastern Europe, once Trump withdraws US assistance to Ukraine, Putin will do the predictable and step up his plans for the take-down of the Baltic states and Poland as well. Putin is already well underway with his hybrid warfare. His meddling in the US elections is one element of hybrid warfare. The goal is to shake the world’s confidence in liberal democracy.

Once his move has begun, NATO will be obligated to come to their defense. It is hard to predict whether or not the threat of NATO’s backing will fend off a Putin invasion if the US backs out or takes a neutral position to Putin. Putin’s military, already greatly weakened, would be even closer to claiming that the state is in danger of collapse. The collapse of the state is Putin’s criterion for the release of nuclear weapons. NATO will respond in kind to a nuclear threat, and it will likely get out of control.

The US and Russia each have a nuclear triad that requires presidential approval for a strike. Even if the command centers of both countries are in ashes, the ballistic missile submarines will still be mission ready. Imagine, if in a conflict, that the US and NATO will have to rely on Trump and his White House staff to be Commander and Chief of US forces. Trump is a man who, as President, has a long history of ignoring the advice of military specialists preferring to ‘winging’ on his own.

Of course, there will be military general staff and advisors around him as would be the case if Harris is elected. But Trump was notorious for not reading his daily intelligence reports nor much of anything else. He spent a lot of time on Airforce 1 traveling to play golf at his resorts.

Harris has a disciplined and educated mind as well as the native intelligence and organizational savvy to listen to the experts and make decisions with the best and latest information. Being a district attorney and prosecutor, California Attorney General, California Senator and Vice President, she is well versed in the law at many levels and can be relied upon to follow it.

International friends, protect your liberal democracies from those who would degrade them into autocratic states under the guise of law and order. A democratic republic is messy, noisy and will test your patience. This is not a bug; it is a feature. Rejoice in it.

See that pale blue dot as a single pixel? It is a picture taken by Voyager 1 in 1990 at a distance of 3.7 billion miles from the sun. A band of idiots living there are about to do something very stupid and self-destructive tomorrow, 5 November 2024. Source: Nasa photograph.

Island Hopping

We returned from Hawai’i two weeks ago after 4 nights on Maui and 4 nights on Hawai’i Island (the Big Island). I’ve been trying to summon words to describe the visit, but I keep coming up short. I can certainly see the appeal.

Sunset from atop Mauna Kea, 13,800 ft. Three of the 13 observatories there are visible on the right. What doesn’t come through is howling and freezing wind. Very cold. Photo by Arnold Ziffel.

Above is a sunset photo from (almost) atop Mauna Kea on the big island. Our guide said the whole island can be thought of Mauna Loa with numerous volcanoes along the slopes. One of them is Mauna Kea and another is Kilauea and Hualalai Volcano. Many smaller cinder cones dot the slopes of Mauna Loa. Much of the island is covered with jet-black lava flows

We took an open-door helicopter tour from the Kahului airport in Maui to the coast of Molokai and back. The doors were removed and 6 of us wedged into the helicopter. It was the most exhilarating ride in an aircraft I’ve ever taken. We flew along the northeast coastline of Maui pausing to follow the canyons to the end and watching in wonder the rainforest below clinging to the extremely steep canyon walls. Waterfalls are everywhere. In the photo below, we followed a stream up a canyon on Maui and saw a waterfall coming straight out of the mountainside. I hadn’t realized that the lava formations could be so porous. As you drive by the a’a lava flows you can see how the irregular piling of lumpy and jagged lava flows when stacked vertically could be porous.

Pilot’s eye view of streams coming out of the rock walls and forming these waterfalls on Maui. Photo by Arnold Ziffel.

The photo below shows a very narrow gorge and waterfall on the extremely steep cliffs along the shore of Molokai. It’s hard to know if the narrowness and depth of the gorge is due to rapid stream erosion or is an artifact of how the lava flows piled up. Several of the locations on both Maui and Molokai have some of the highest annual rainfall on earth. These rainy mountainous areas have been called ‘vertical bogs’.

East coast of Molokai with its steep cliffs next to the shoreline and an extremely narrow gorge. Photo by Fred Ziffel.

Situated near the summit of Mauna Kea are 13 astronomical observatories. One that I was unaware of is the Submillimeter Array shown below. The telescopes are placed in such a manner as to act as an interferometer. It has been used along with the adjacent James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The Maxwell telescope is designed to observe from the far infrared to the microwave range.

Five of the eight 6-meter submillimeter radio telescopes located near the summit of Mauna Kea at 13,425 feet. Photo by Sam Drucker.

Hawai’i is full of wonder and natural beauty, and I can now understand what all of the hype is about.

ChatGPT writing poems and stories about chlorine dioxide

Chlorine Dioxide: The Oxidant’s Song

Chlorine dioxide, bright and bold,
An oxidant with power untold.
Yellow-green gas in sunlight’s gleam,
Dancing in air, in rivers, a stream.

A swift embrace with double bonds,
It cleaves, it cleans, it purges wrongs.
Pathogen slayer, swift and sure,
In sterile waters, it makes pure.

Though fierce and sharp, it knows its place,
In measured hands, it leaves no trace—
A magic touch, yet harsh to meet,
Clearing out filth in every beat.

From paper mills to pools we keep,
Its strength to cleanse, its power deep.
Oh, chlorine dioxide, bold yet wise,
A guardian with a chemist’s ties.

Chlorine dioxide—
cleansing breath on poisoned earth,
air and water healed.

The Cleansing Cloud

In the year 2147, Earth was dying. Overrun by pollution and disease, humanity had retreated into massive domed cities. The outer world had become hostile—its air toxic, waters fouled, and land too barren to farm. Breathing required specialized masks, and food was either synthesized or grown in carefully guarded greenhouses. Earth’s natural cycles had all but collapsed, and with them, hope.

Dr. Lina Chen, a molecular biologist, had dedicated her life to one project: Project Purity. The mission was simple in theory but monumental in scale. If humanity were to survive, Earth’s environment had to be detoxified, and Dr. Chen believed she had found a way.

“It’s a molecule,” she had once told the committee of senior scientists and government officials, “simple yet incredibly powerful. Chlorine dioxide.”

A gas that could neutralize pathogens and break down chemical pollutants, chlorine dioxide had long been used in water treatment and hospitals, but no one had dared consider it for open-air use. The risks were vast. It was unstable, and in high doses, lethal. Yet, with Earth in the balance, Dr. Chen had a bold vision.

After years of rigorous testing in abandoned regions, her team found a balance, designing drones that would release measured bursts of chlorine dioxide to target only the most contaminated pockets of land and air. The project had to be implemented gradually, allowing the gas to neutralize harmful compounds and microorganisms before dissipating. With the Earth’s climate cycles stalled, wind and rain were rare, and so were the usual ways to spread or control atmospheric treatments. But the drones could function without them, treating isolated pockets and moving across vast landscapes.

“We call it the Cleansing Cloud,” Dr. Chen explained during a live address to the global council. “These drones will release chlorine dioxide gas in trace amounts that will break down contaminants in the soil, air, and water. It will be systematic, controlled, and relentless. It’s our best chance to bring Earth back.”

After a week of heated debate, the council approved Project Purity. Hundreds of drones lifted off from city domes across the globe, gliding through the murky atmosphere, releasing clouds of faint yellow-green gas that vanished into the air within minutes.

Over the next few months, reports started coming in: for the first time in decades, the air in some areas was testing safe to breathe. The smell of decay around old industrial sites faded, and rivers, once lifeless and coated in oil slicks, showed early signs of biological recovery. Seeds that had lain dormant for years began to sprout.

Dr. Chen marveled at the data streaming in from every corner of the world. Each successful cleansing was another proof that their plan could work. But the drone teams noticed anomalies too—strange gaps in the data where drones would suddenly go silent. They brushed it off as equipment failure until more drones vanished, and satellite feeds caught images of thick clouds forming, far larger than expected.

One night, Dr. Chen woke to an emergency alert. The Cleansing Cloud had grown into a rolling mist—a phenomenon neither she nor her team had foreseen. A massive chlorine dioxide cloud, hundreds of miles wide, was drifting toward one of the dome cities. Their models had failed to predict this, but somehow, the gas was consolidating and refusing to dissipate.

With the council watching anxiously, Dr. Chen directed her team to recalibrate the drones, sending them to the cloud’s edges to break it apart. Hours passed, and the cloud finally began to shrink, spreading out into smaller, less concentrated patches.

But the ordeal had changed the people’s perception of Project Purity. Some wanted it shut down, fearing the drones might accidentally poison them. Others argued that they should push forward, accepting the risk for the chance of a restored planet.

Two years later, the Earth showed signs of steady recovery. Dr. Chen’s plan had worked better than anyone could have hoped. Outside the domes, greenery spread across the once-barren landscape. Rivers ran clearer, and a few hardy species of birds and insects had even returned to nest.

One day, on the brink of retirement, Dr. Chen stood by an airlock as the dome doors opened. She took a breath of natural, fresh air for the first time in decades. Her team followed her, stepping out under the open sky.

“Earth,” she said softly, tears in her eyes. “We’re home.”

The Cleansing Cloud had done its work—perhaps too well in places, but ultimately, it had purified the land and waters as she had dreamed. Chlorine dioxide, once feared, had become Earth’s salvation. And humanity, for the first time in centuries, had learned to live again alongside their renewed and fragile world.

The Green Mist

They called it “The Reclamation” when it began. What had started as a bold environmental initiative soon became Earth’s darkest nightmare.

In the year 2134, Earth’s cities were wrapped in layers of pollution so dense that sunlight was a rare luxury. Dr. Elias Reed, an atmospheric chemist, proposed a radical plan: drones releasing chlorine dioxide gas to neutralize pollutants and pathogens, purifying both air and water. The project was hailed as humanity’s last hope, and governments poured every resource into it.

Within months, the drones were deployed, and a strange, faintly green mist crept across the landscape. At first, it seemed to be working. Pollution levels dropped, the air became breathable in pockets, and waters once clouded by toxins began to run clear. The world celebrated, but it didn’t last.

The first incident occurred in a small, remote village nestled in the mountains of Kazakhstan. The drones passed overhead, and the green mist descended like a gentle fog, settling over the land. Villagers reported a strange smell—sharp and chemical, yet oddly sweet. Within hours, they started to feel… strange.

A local news report documented the aftermath: villagers’ skin had turned sickly pale, almost translucent, and their eyes gleamed with an unsettling brightness. They wandered in a daze, speaking in whispers about voices calling to them from the mist. The last footage captured from the village showed the inhabitants standing silently, facing the thickening mist with vacant expressions, before disappearing into it.

Within days, similar stories emerged worldwide. People began to disappear, leaving their homes and families to walk into the green mist, never to be seen again. Those who remained reported hearing whispers and feeling a strange compulsion to enter the mist, as if something within it was calling to them. Some described seeing shadowy figures shifting in the haze, as if people—or things—were watching from within.

Dr. Reed’s team scrambled to contain the situation. The chlorine dioxide gas had been meant to cleanse pollutants, not influence human behavior. They assumed it was some form of contamination or gas concentration anomaly, so they sent in specialized drones to collect samples from the mist and bring them back to the lab.

When the samples arrived, they analyzed the gas and found something chilling: within the chlorine dioxide, they detected molecular structures that didn’t belong—structures that seemed almost organic, as if the mist had evolved.

Some of the drones themselves started acting erratically, refusing commands or disappearing without a trace. And the data they transmitted back became garbled, filled with fragments of words, as if they were transmitting voices from another dimension. Dr. Reed was horrified.

Then came the day the mist surrounded their own facility.

Dr. Reed watched as it rolled in, silent and predatory, glowing faintly in the dim light. The windows fogged over with a greenish hue. Panicked, the team sealed the lab, activating all emergency protocols. But one by one, they began to hear the whispers—a seductive, endless murmur, each voice weaving into the next, urging them to step outside.

One scientist, unable to resist, stumbled to the airlock and opened it. The mist flooded in, coiling around his ankles like a living thing. He turned to face his colleagues with a smile that was both serene and terrifying. His eyes glowed faintly green, and in a whisper that matched the mist’s insidious murmur, he said, “It’s beautiful here. You need to see it.” And with that, he walked out into the mist.

Dr. Reed and the remaining scientists huddled together, watching their colleague disappear into the fog. They felt an overwhelming compulsion to follow him, to join the others who had vanished, as if something ancient and powerful were reaching into their minds.

One by one, they succumbed, each stepping into the mist until only Dr. Reed remained, his mind racing. What had they unleashed? He remembered a line from an ancient legend—a warning about spirits that inhabited the mists, lost souls forever wandering in search of company. Perhaps the mist itself had a consciousness now, formed from all those it had consumed.

In his last broadcast, Dr. Reed’s voice trembled. “If anyone hears this, don’t trust the mist. Don’t breathe it, don’t listen to it… it wants you, and it won’t stop until it has us all.”

Outside the lab, the green mist thickened, a restless cloud whispering through the empty streets. The voices grew louder, calling to anyone left, beckoning them forward with the promise of peace. The mist had become more than a gas; it was alive, and it was hungry.

Earth’s last survivors scattered, hiding from the creeping mist. They spoke in hushed voices of a world reclaimed, not by humanity, but by a force far older—one that drifted and hunted, waiting to claim every soul it touched.

And the green mist drifted on, patient and endless, devouring everything in its path.